The Eco-Pedagogical Microforest a shared oasis of proximity. A cutting-edge project at the intersection of ecology, urbanism and pedagogy

Keywords: Climate change, Green infrastructure, Urban forestation, Environmental learning, Citizen science

Abstract

Cities and urban areas are one of the critical global systems that can accelerate and upscale climate action and more than ever need to achieve the 11 goals of Agenda 2030 becoming inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. In 2019, Science published a paper suggesting that planting trees, on a massive scale and sustained period of time, represented one of the most effective solutions at our disposal to mitigate climate change. Cities across the world have started implementing urban forests to address multiple environmental issues.

Urban forests are capable to provide more complete solutions than other urban NBS. In this context, the challenge for cities is to disseminate UF-NBS throughout the city in order to release environmental and social benefits even in the most dense areas, spreading wellbeing for all citizens.

The paper illustrates a cutting-edge experimentation of a tiny forestation action at the neighborhood scale, aimed at integrating both regulative and social-cultural ecosystem services. In line with the principles of the UN Agenda 2030, the Eco-Pedagogical Microforest project, that took place in Rome, demonstrates that even a small patch of nature can increase young people’s biospheric values, influencing pro-environmental behaviors and actions, enhancing wellbeing.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Fabiola Fratini, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering. University of Rome Sapienza

Fabiola Fratini, Architect, PhD, associated professor, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome. Research main fields: urban regeneration, nature based solutions, urban forestation, citizen participation and involvement in green oriented actions. From 2017 she coordinates Sapienza researches aimed at realizing cutting-edge NBS actions with proactive involvement of local communities and schools: San Lorenzo Temporary Forest, Rome (2017); Micro-hydroponic farm, Largo del Verano, Rome; Eco-Pedagogical Microforests, Rome (2022-2023).

References

AA.VV. (2018). Summary for Urban Policy Makers: what the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 degrees means for cities. Retrieved from: https://www.c40.org/researches/summary-for-urban-policymakers-what-the-ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5-cmeans-for-cities. (Accessed: April 03, 2023).

Afforestt (2011). Retrieved from: https:/www.afforestt.com. (Accessed: May 07, 2023).

Ajuntament de Barcelona (2022). Regenerant Barcelona: Model urbà i espai públic. Retrieved from: https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/superilles/sites/default/files/2022_Regenerant_Barcelona_Model_Urba_Espai_Public.pdf. (Accessed: March 11, 2023).

Arcidiacono, A. & Ronchi, S. (2021). Ecosystem Services and Green Infrastructure. Perspectives from Spatial Planning in Italy. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54345-7

Balaÿ, O., Brossier, J., Lapray, K., Leroy-Thomas, M., & Marie, H. (2018). Ménager des Oasis urbaines: des représentations à la fabrication. In S. Marry (Ed.).Territoires durables. Paris: Parenthèse/Ademe.

Bastin, J.-F., Finegold, Y, Garcia, G., Mollicone, D., Rezende, M., Routh, D., Zohner, C.M., & Crowther, T.W. (2019).

The global tree restoration potential, Science, 365, 76-79. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0848

Bell, S., Blom, D., Rautamäki, M., Castel-Branco, C., Simson, A., & Olsen, I.A. (2005). Design of Urban Forests. In C. Konijnendijk, K. Nilsson, T. Randrup, J. Schipperijn (Eds). Urban Forests and Trees. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27684-X_7

Bianconi, F., Clemente, M., Filippucci, M., & Salvati, L. (2018). Regenerating Urban Spaces: A Brief Commentary on Green Infrastructures for Landscape Conservation. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 11(1), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/5216

Bonaiuto, M., & Chiozza, V. (2023). Oasi Citizen Science Lab Sapienza: il quartiere come terreno di sperimentazione dalla scuola allo spazio pubblico. Conoscere per co-progettare un percorso di resilienza inclusivo, digitale, verde e creativo. Research Report, Rome: Sapienza University.

Boniotti, C. (2023). The public–private–people partnership (P4) for cultural heritage management purposes. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 13 (1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-12-2020-0186

Carrus, G., Scopelliti, M., Lafortezza, R., Colangelo, G., Ferrini, F., Salbitano, F., Agrimi, M., Portoghesi, L., Semenzato, P. & Sanesi, G. (2015). Go greener, feel better? The positive effects of biodiversity on the well-being of individuals visiting urban and peri-urban green areas. Landscape and urban planning, 134, 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.022

Castellar, J.A., Popartan, L.A., Pueyo-Ros, J., Atanasova, N., Langergraber, G., Säumel, I., Corominas, L., Comas, J., & Acuna, V. (2021). Nature-based solutions in the urban context: Terminology, classification and scoring for urban challenges and ecosystem services. Science of the Total Environment, 779, 146237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146237

Chistolini, C. (2016). Pedagogia della natura. Pensiero e azione nell'educazione della scuola contemporanea: Asilo nel Bosco, Jardim-Escola Joao de Deus, Outdoor education. Milano: FrancoAngeli.

Clearing House, EU (2021). City of trees Inspirational package for educators on the importance of urban trees, urban forests and why we should care for trees in the city. Retrieved from: https://clearinghouseproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Educational-package-Teachers_FINAL-VERSION.pdf (Accessed: April 04, 2023).

Clergeau, P. (2020). Introduction: l’urgence d’un changement de paradigme. In P. Clergeau (Ed). Urbanisme et Biodiversité. Paris: Editions Apogée.

Cullen, G. (1964). Townscape. New York: Reinhold Publishing Co.

De Biase, A., & Ricci, D. (2018). Articuler les temps et les presences de la nature urbaine: une méthode contemporaine. In S. Marry (Ed.), Territoires Durables. De la recherche à la conception, 33-50. Paris: Parenthèses/Ademe.

Dickinson, D.C., & Ramalho, C.E. (2022). A balancing act: Biodiversity and human wellbeing considerations in the management of urban forest in a global biodiversity hotspot. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 74, 127656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127656

Di Giovanni, A. (2018). Vuoti urbani come risorsa per il progetto dello spazio pubblico contemporaneo. Planum. The Journal of Urbanism, Magazine Section, 37 (II), 1-28.

Earthwatch Europe (2023). Tiny Forest. Retrieved from: https://earthwatch.org.uk/get-involved/tiny-forest. (Accessed: April 11, 2023).

Elhacham, E., Ben-Uri, L., Grozovski, J., Bar-On, Y.M. & Milo, R. (2020). Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass. Nature, 588, 442-444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5

European Commission (2013). Green Infrastructure (GI) – Enhancing Europe’s natural capital, COM 2013, 249 final.

European Commission (2015). Towards An EU Research and Innovation Policy Agenda for Nature-Based Solutions & Re-Naturing Cities. Final Report of the Horizon 2020 Expert Group on’ Nature-Based Solutions and Re-Naturing Cities’, Brussels: Directorate General for Research and Innovation.

European Commission (2018). Green Deal: key to a climate-neutral and sustainable EU. Retrieved from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20180703STO07129/eu-responses-to-climate-change. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

European Commission (2021). New EU Forest Strategy for 2030. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/communication-new-eu-forest-strategy-2030_with-annex_en.pdf. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

European Commission (2023). Covenant of Mayors. Retrieved from: https://eu-mayors.ec.europa.eu/en/home. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

FAO (2021). Urban and peri-urban forestry. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/forestry/urbanforestry/87025/en/#%3A~%3Atext%3DUrban%20and%20peri%2Durban%20forestry%20(UPF)%20can%20be%20defined%2Ceconomic%2C%20environmental%20and%20sociocultural%20benefits. (Accessed: April 06, 2023).

Fratini, F. (2020a). Oasi Verdi a San Lorenzo (Roma). La rigenerazione a piccoli passi. CRIOS, 19-20, 46-59. Milano: FrancoAngeli. https://doi.org/10.3280/CRIOS2020-019005

Fratini, F. (2020b). Rigenerazione tra sostenibilità, citizen empowerment e agopuntura urbana. BDC, 20 (1), 91-115. https://doi.org/10.6092/2284-4732/7546

Fratini, F. (2022). Climate Change and Local Nature Based Solution Towards Resilience. In F. Calabrò, L. Della Spina, M.J. Piñeira Mantiñán (Eds). New Metropolitan Perspectives. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 482, 2680-2691. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06825-6_256

Galderisi, A., & Ferrara, F. (2012). Enhancing urban resilience in face of climate change: a methodological approach. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 5 (2), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/936

Geneva Declaration of Mayors (2020). Retrieved from: https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/Forum_of_Mayors_2020/Declaration_of_Mayors.pdf. (Accessed: April 21, 2023).

Gough, S., & Scott, W. (2003). Sustainable development and learning: Framing the issues. London: Taylor&Francis.

Hale, J.D., Pugh, T.A., Sadler, J.P., Boyko, C.T., Brown, J., Caputo, S., ... & MacKenzie, A.R. (2015). Delivering a multi-functional and resilient urban forest. Sustainability, 7 (4), 4600-4624. https://doi:10.3390/su7044600

Hansen, R., & Pauleit, S. (2014). From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas. AMBIO, 43, 516-529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2

Hawken, P. (2022). Foreword. In h. Lewis (Ed.). Mini-Forest Revolution, xiii-xiii. London: Chelsea Green Publishing.

Hewitt, E. (2021). Why ‘Tiny Forests’ Are Popping up in Big Cities, National Geographic, June 22. Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/why-tiny-forests-are-popping-up-in-big-cities.

IVN Natuureducatie (2022). Each neighbourhood has its own mini-forest. Retrieved from: https://www.ivn.nl/aanbod/tiny-forest-europe/nieuws/final-report-each-neighbourhood-has-its-own-mini-forest/. (Accessed: March 27, 2023).

IVN Natuureducatie (2023a). Handbook, Tiny Forest Planting Method. Retrieved from: https://www.ivn.nl/tinyforest/tiny-forest-worldwide/resources-and-downloads. (Accessed: March 27, 2023).

IVN Natuureducatie (2023b). A Little Bit of Nature, a Big Influence. Retrieved from: https://www.ivn.nl/tinyforest/tiny-forest-worldwide/resources-and-downloads. (Accessed: March 27, 2023).

Jackson, T. (2009). Prosperity without growth: economics for a finite planet. London: Earthscan.

Konijnendijk, C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T., & Schipperijn, J. (2005). Urban Forests and Trees. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27684-X_7

Konijnendijk, C.C., (2018). The Forest and the City: the cultural landscape of urban woodland. 2nd revised edition. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75076-7

Konijnendijk, C. (2021). Promoting health and wellbeing through urban forests: Introducing the 3-30-300 rule. IUCN Urban Alliance news blog. Gland. Retrieved from: https://iucnurbanalliance.org/promoting-health-and-wellbeing-through-urbanforests-introducing-the-3-30-300-rule/. (Accessed: May 05, 2023).

Kudryavtsev, A., Krasny, M.E., & Stedman, R.C. (2012). The impact of environmental education on sense of place among urban youth. Ecosphere, 3 (4), 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00318.1

Lerner, J. (2014). Urban Acupuncture. Washigton, DC: Island Press.

Leroy-Thomas, M., Lapray, K., Balaÿ, O., Degeorges, S., & Brossier, J. (2020). De la fraîcheur urbaine à l’Oasis urbaine: une approche multisensorielle et participative di bien-être en ville. In S. Marry (Ed.). Adaptation au changement climatique et projet urbain. Paris: Parenthèse/Ademe.

Lewis, H. (2022). Mini-Forest Revolution. London: Chelsea Green Publishing.

Littledyke, M. (1996). Science education for environmental awareness in a postmodern world. Environmental Education Research, 2 (2), 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462960020206

Livesley, S.J., Escobedo, F.J. & Morgenroth, J. (2016). The biodiversity of urban and periurban forests and the diverse ecosystem services they provide as socio-ecological systems. Forests, 7 (12), 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7120291

Lowenthal, D. (2005). Natural and cultural heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 11 (1), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250500037088

Mancuso, S. (2019). Strategie per la Forestazione Urbana. Prato: Comune di Prato.

Marry, S. (2018).Territoires durables. Paris: Parenthèse/Ademe.

Mattijssen, T.J.M., Van der Jagt, A.P.N., Buijs, A.E., Elands, B.H.M., Erlwein, S., & Lafortezza, R. (2017). The long-term prospects of citizens managing urban green space: From place making to place-keeping? Urban forestry & urban greening, 26, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.05.015

Mi, Z., Guan, D., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Viguié, V., Fromer, N., & Wang, Y. (2019). Cities: The core of climate change mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 207, 582-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.034

Miles, J., Cummins, R.P., French, D.D., Gardner, S., Orr, J L., & Shewry, M.C. (2001). Landscape sensitivity: an ecological view. Catena, 42 (2-4), 125-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00135-1

Miyawaki, A. (1996). Restoration of biodiversity in urban and periurban environments with native forest. In F. de Castri, T. Younes (Eds). Biodiversity, science and development, 558-565. Wallingford: CAB International.

Miyawaki, A. (1999). Creative Ecology: Restoration of Native Forests by Native Trees. Plant Biotechnology. 16 (1), 15-25.

Miyawaki A., & Box, O. (2007). The Healing Power of Forests: The Philosophy behind Restoring Earth's Balance with Native Trees. Tokyo: Kosei Publishing Company.

Mochizuki, Y. & Bryan, A. (2015). Climate change education in the context of education for sustainable development: Rationale and principles. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 9 (1), 4-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408215569109

Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., & Pratlong, F. (2021). Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, resilience and place identity in future post-pandemic cities. Smart Cities, 4 (1), 93-111. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006

Müller T.D. (2021). The potential of Tiny Forests regulating ecosystem services for urban climate challenges: quantifying the effects in the Netherlands. Wageningen: Wageningen University and Research.

NBSI (2023). The 3-30-300 Rule for Healthier and Greener Cities. Retrieved from: https://nbsi.eu/the-3-30-300-rule/. (Accessed: May 05, 2023).

Nogué, J. (2010). Paisatge, territori, i societat civil. València: Edicions3i4.

Ottburg, F., Lammertsma, D., Bloem, J., Dimmers, W., Jansman, H, & Wegman R.M.A. (2018). Tiny Forest Zaanstad: citizen science and determining biodiversity in Tiny Forest Zaanstad. Wageningen Environmental Research Report, 2882. https://doi.org/10.18174/446911

Our World in Data (2023). Fossil Fuels. Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

Papa, R., Galderisi, A., Vigo Majello, M.C., & Saretta, E. (2015). European Cities Dealing with Climate Issues: Ideas and Tools for a Better Framing of Current Practices. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 63-80.

https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/3658

Peccei, A. (1972). Introduzione. In: AA.VV. (Eds.). I limiti dello sviluppo, 11-15. Milano: Mondadori.

Pelorosso, R., Gobattoni, F., Lopez, N., & Leone, A. (2013). Urban Green and Environmental Processes: Towards a Multifunctional Landscape Design. TeMA. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 6 (1), 95-111. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/1418

Peyrouzère, F. (2018). L’appel sensible. Expérience esthétique & care au sein des écosystèmes urbains. In D’Arienzo, R., Younès, C. (Eds.). Pour un métabolisme collectif des villes. Synergie Urbaines, 23-35. Genève: Métis Presse.

PWC (2017). The World in 2050. The long view: how will the global economic order change by 2050? Retrieved from: https://www.pwc.com/world2050. (Accessed: April, 07, 2023).

Roeland S., Moretti M., Amorim J.H., et al. (2019). Towards an integrative approach to evaluate the environmental ecosystem services provided by urban forest, Journal of Forestry Research, 30, 1981-1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00916-x

Salata, K., & Yiannakou, A. (2016). Green Infrastructure and climate change adaptation. TeMA. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 9 (1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/3723

Schirone, B., Salis, A., & Vessella, F. (2011). Effectiveness of the Miyawaki method in Mediterranean forest restoration programs. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 7, 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-010-0117-0

Semeraro T., Scarano A., & Pandey R. (2022). Ecosystem Services Analysis and Design through Nature Based Solutions in Urban Planning at Neighbourhood Scale. Urban Science, 6 (1), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6010023

Sharma S. (2014). An engineer’s vision for tiny forests, everywhere. TED TALKS, March/2014. Retrieved from: https://ideas.ted.com/how-to-grow-your-own-tiny-forest/. (Accessed: March 27, 2023).

Sodano, C. (2018). Cultural Landscapes in International Charters. ICOM Italia. Retrieved from: https://www.icom-italia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ICOMItalia.MuseumInternational.Articolo.CeciliaSodano.pdf. (Accessed: May 13, 2023).

Thor, D., & Karlsudd, P. (2020). Teaching and fostering an active environmental awareness design, validation and planning for action-oriented environmental education. Sustainability, 12 (8), 3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083209

Tidball, K.G., & Krasny, M.E. (2011). Urban environmental education from a social-ecological perspective: Conceptual framework for civic ecology education. Cities and the Environment, 3 (1), 11. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.bc.edu/cate/vol3/iss1/11. (Accessed: April 14, 2023).

Uforest (2022). Blueprint for Innovation in Urban Forestry Uforest Project Deliverable 3.3. Retrieved from: https://www.uforest.eu/. (Accessed: April 14, 2023).

UNECE (2019a). Trees in Cities Challenge. Retrieved from: https://treesincities.unece.org/#sthash.OPnYnX61.dpbs. (Accessed: March 11, 2023).

UNECE (2019b). Implementing People-first Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: International best practices and recommendations for Armenia and neighboring countries. Retrieved from: https://unece.org/DAM/ceci/ppp/Standards/ECE_CECI_2019_05-en.pdf. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

UNECE (2021). Trees in Cities Challenge. Website. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva. Retrieved from: https://treesincities.unece.org/. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

UNECE (2021). Sustainable Urban and Peri-Urban Forestry: An Integrative and Inclusive Nature-Based Solution for Green Recovery and Sustainable, Healthy and Resilient Cities Policy Brief. Retrieved from: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/202202/Urban%20forest%20policy%20brief_final_0.pdf. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

UNESCO (1994). Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide94.pdf. (Accessed: March 05, 2023).

UNESCO (2015). Tiny Forest. https://www.unescogreencitizens.org/projects/tiny-forest/. (Accessed: March 14, 2023).

United Nations (2016). New Urban Agenda. A/RES/71/256. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_71_256.pdf. (Accessed: March 11, 2023).

United Nations (2021). Sustainable Development Goal 11. Retrieved from: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal11. (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

United Nations (2022). World Population Prospects 2022. Summary of Results. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/wpp2022_summary_of_results.pdf (Accessed: March 12, 2023).

United Nations (2017). New urban agenda: H III: Habitat III: Quito 17-20 October 2016. New York: United Nations.

Urban Forests (2023). Urban Forests. Retrieved from: http://urban-forests.com/en (Accessed: March 22, 2023).

WHO (2023). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Retrieved from: https://covid19.who.int/ (Accessed: April 07, 2023).

WHO (2021). Who Global Air Quality Guidelines, 10. Bonn: WHO European Centre for Environment and Health. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345334/9789240034433-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. (Accessed: April 07, 2023).

World Bank (2023). Cities and Climate Change Platform. Retrieved from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cities-and-climate-change-platform. (Accessed: March 13, 2023).

World Forum Urban Forest (2018). 2nd World Forum of Urban Forests. Greenier, healthier and happier cities for all. Retrieved from: https://www.worldforumonurbanforests.org/. (Accessed: March 13, 2023).

Worldometers (2023). Current World Population. Retrieved from: https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/. (Accessed: May 21, 2023).

Zardo, L., Geneletti, D., Pérez-Soba, M., & Van Eupen. M. (2017). Estimating the cooling capacity of green infrastructures to support urban planning. Ecosystem Services Volume 26, Part A, August, 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.06.016

Published
2023-11-30
How to Cite
FratiniF. (2023). The Eco-Pedagogical Microforest a shared oasis of proximity. A cutting-edge project at the intersection of ecology, urbanism and pedagogy. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, (2), 33-54. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/10055
Section
Burn or sink. Planning and managing the land