Urban and transport planning integration. A case study in a mid-size city in Italy
Abstract
Integrating urban and transport planning requires a well-defined approach structured across various planning and strategic levels. This emphasizes the necessity to explore the matter within the frameworks of territorial government processes. The paper aims to address the issue by examining the case of the city of Brescia, Lombardy, a mid-size city which is pioneer in Italy in the development of innovative transport systems. Brescia is equipped with a metro line and is on the final stages of in the design of the new tram line "T2 Pendolina-Fiera". The paper is developed as follow: (1) significance of the integration between urban and transport planning; (2) narration of precedents where Brescia has been at the forefront in this domain; (3) reconstruction of administrative steps that led to the design of the tram; (4) assessment of the role of the new tram line in the urban context; (5) final considerations. The research verified that it was possible for a medium size Italian city to apply the desired integrated approach, as well as the effectiveness of the local planning tool in Lombardy region (the PGT) to hold together strategic and design layers to target such goal.
Downloads
References
Ahsan, M., Shakeel, N., & Baig, F. (2023). Public perceptions of barriers to walk in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 16(1), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/935
ANCE Brescia (2004). Notiziario ANCE Brescia (6). Retrieved from: https://www.ancebrescia.it/wp-content/uploads/_archivio/articoli/_004_PRG.pdf (Accessed on 28-3-2024)
Belotti, G., & Baldoli, M. (1999). Una corsa lunga cent'anni - Storia dei trasporti pubblici di Brescia dal tram a cavalli al progetto Metrobus. Brescia: Fondazione Civiltà Bresciana
Boglietti, S., & Tiboni, M, (2022). Public spaces critical issues analysis for soft mobility. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 131-145. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/8643
Carlton, I. (2009). Histories of Transit-Oriented Development: Perspectives on the Development of the TOD Concept. IURD Working Paper Series, 2
Carra, M., Rossetti, S., Tiboni, M. & Vetturi, D. (2022). Urban regeneration effects on walkability scenarios. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 101-114. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/8644
Cervero, R. (2001). Integration of urban transport and urban planning. In The challenge of urban government: Policies and practices (pp. 407-427). Washington: World Bank Publications
Comune di Brescia (2016). Piano di Governo del Territorio – VDG 00 Relazione Generale. Retrieved from: https://www.comune.brescia.it/sites/default/files/imported/servizi/urbanistica/PGT/Documents/PGT%202016/DC_DOCUMENTAZIONE%20COMUNE/V-DG00%20Relazione%20Generale.pdf (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Comune di Brescia, (2018). Piano Urbano della Mobilità Sostenibile - Allegato D: Trasporto pubblico. Retrieved from: https://www.comune.brescia.it/sites/default/files/imported/servizi/mobilitaetraffico/settMob/docPianificazione/pums/Documents/AllegatoD_Trasporto%20pubblico.pdf (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Comune di Brescia, (2018). Piano Urbano della Mobilità Sostenibile - Allegato L: Scenari di piano. Retrieved from: https://www.comune.brescia.it/sites/default/files/imported/servizi/mobilitaetraffico/settMob/docPianificazione/pums/Documents/AllegatoL_Scenari%20di%20piano%20e%20schede%20di%20progetto.pdf (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Comune di Brescia, (2018). Piano Urbano della Mobilità Sostenibile - Relazione generale. Retrieved from: https://www.comune.brescia.it/sites/default/files/imported/servizi/mobilitaetraffico/settMob/docPianificazione/pums/Documents/PUMS%20-%20Relazione%20Generale.pdf (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Comune di Brescia (2023). Progettazione definitiva e coordinamento della sicurezza in fase di progettazione defintiiva relativi alla realizzazione della prima linea tranviaria di Brescia “T2” (Pendolina-Fiera) – Elaborati di carattere generale: relazione generale. Retrieved from: https://www.comune.brescia.it/sites/default/files/2023-12/BST2-PD-LG00-COM-GEN-R002-A1-D.pdf (Accessed on 27-3-2024)
Comune di Brescia (2024). Quarta variante al Piano di Governo del Territorio. Retrieved from: https://www.comune.brescia.it/aree-tematiche/urbanistica/piano-di-governo-del-territorio/pgt-quarta-variante (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Curl, A. (2013). Comparing the Lived Experience to Objective Measures of Accessibility [doctoral thesis]. University of Aberdeen
DEMO.ISTAT (2023). Bilancio demografico mensile e popolazione residente per sesso, anno 2023. Retrieved from: https://demo.istat.it/app/?l=it&a=2023&i=D7B (Accessed on 27-3-2024)
Di Vita, S. (2020). Medium-sized cities, intermediate scales and planning. Potential processes and missing tools in Brescia. Ciudades, 23, 01–22. https://doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.23.2020.01-22
El-Geneidy, A.M.; Grimsrud, M.; W. Rania, W. & Tétreault, P. R. (2014) New evidence on walking distances to transit stops: Identifying redundancies and gaps using variable service area. Transportation, 41, 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-013-9508-z
Euromobility (2023). Indagine sulle principali 50 città italiane – Edizione 2023. Retrieved from: https:// www.osservatorio50città.it/ (Accessed on 28-3-2024)
Fatolahzadeh, N. (2024, January 26). Progetto tram di Brescia, nel preventivo ci sono 11 milioni per espropri e indennizzi. Giornale Di Brescia. Retrieved from: https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/brescia-e-hinterland/progetto-tram-di-brescia-nel-preventivo-ci-sono-11-milioni-per-espropri-e-indennizzi-yf16nvfh (Accessed on 27-3-2024)
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (2018, March 29). Brescia mobilità and FS Italiane. Agreement signed for the design and build of two new tram lines in Brescia. Retrieved from: https://www.fsitaliane.it/content/fsitaliane/en/media/press-releases/2018/3/29/agreement-signed-between-brescia-mobilita-and-fs-italiane.html (Accessed on 11-3-2023)
Fusi, M. (2023). La forma di Brescia. In Brescia Capitale Italiana della Cultura 2023 (pp. 68-81). Roma: Treccani
Galesi E. (2023, April 2). Autobus: addio alla linea 1, via ai cambiamenti. Giornale di Brescia. Retrieved from: https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/brescia-e-hinterland/autobus-addio-alla-linea-1-via-ai-cambiamenti-j9fd4b70 (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Guglielmetti Mugion, R. G., Toni, M., Raharjo, H., Di Pietro, L., & Sebathu, S. P. (2018). Does the service quality of urban public transport enhance sustainable mobility? Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 1566–1587. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2017.11.052
Guida, C. & Caglioni, M. (2020). Urban accessibility: the paradox, the paradigms and the measures. A scientific review. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 13 (2), 149-168. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6743
Handy, S. L. (2002). Accessibility vs mobility. Enhancing strategies for addressing automobile dependence in the U.S. Institute for Transportation Studies, UC Davies
Handy, S. L. (2020). Is accessibility an idea whose time has finally come? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 83, 102319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102319
ISFORT (2021). 18° rapporto sulla mobilità degli italiani – Governare le transizioni per una ripresa sostenibile. Retrieved from: https://www.isfort.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/211130_RapportoMobilita2021.pdf (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
ISTAT (n.d.). Risultati del Censimento permanente della popolazione. Retrieved from: https://www.istat.it/it/censimenti /popolazione-e-abitazioni/risultati (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
La nuova metropolitana di Brescia (2013, March 3). Il Post. Retrieved from: https://www.ilpost.it/2013/03/03/la-nuova-metropolitana-di-brescia/ (Accessed on 3-11-2024)
Lättman, K., Friman, M., & Olsson, L. E. (2016). Perceived Accessibility of Public Transport as a Potential Indicator of Social Inclusion. Social Inclusion, 4 (3), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i3.481
Lupo, G. & Badiani, B. (2009). Autopsia di un Prg. Il Piano regolatore Secchi-Viganò di Brescia. Archivio di studi urbani e regionali, 96, 5-49. https://doi.org/10.3280/ASUR2009-096001
Mackett, R. L. & Thoreau, R. (2015). Transport, social exclusion and health. Journal of Transport & Health, 2 (4), 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2015.07.006
Maternini G. & Foini, S. (eds) (2009). Tecniche per la sicurezza in ambito urbano. Volume XIII - Linee guida per la realizzazione del trasporto pubblico locale. Forlì: Egaf
Moyano, A., Solís, E., Díaz-Burgos, E., Rodrigo, A. & Coronado, J. M. (2023). Typologies of stations’ catchment areas in metropolitan urban peripheries: From car-oriented to sustainable urban strategies. Land Use Policy, 134. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106903
OECD (2012). List of urban area by country. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regionaldevelopment/all.pdf (Accessed on 28-3-2024)
OECD (2022). Functional urban areas – Italy. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regionaldevelopment/Italy.pdf (Accessed on 28-3-2024)
OECD (2024). Urban population by city size (indicator). Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1787/b4332f92-en (Accessed on 28-3-2024)
O’sullivan S. & Morrall, J. F. (1996). Walking Distances to and from Light-Rail Transit Stations. Transportation Research Record, 1538 (1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153800103
Olsson, L. E., Friman, M., & Lättman, K. (2021). Accessibility Barriers and Perceived Accessibility: Implications for Public Transport. Urban Science, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5030063
Papa, E. & Bertolini, L. (2015). Accessibility and Transit-Oriented Development in European metropolitan areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 47, 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.07.003
Pezzagno, M. & Richiedei, A. (2022). New scenarios for safe mobility in urban areas: emerging topics from an international debate. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 243-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/8649
Robecchi, F. (2009). Due secoli di trasporti pubblici nel Bresciano. Montichiari: Compagnia della Stampa
Rossetti, S., Tiboni, M., Vetturi, D., Zazzi, M. & Caselli, B. (2020). Measuring Pedestrian Accessibility to Public Transport in Urban Areas: a GIS-based Discretisation Approach. European TransportTrasporti Europei, 76
Sarker, R. I., Mailer, M. & Sikde, S. K. (2020). Walking to a public transport station: empirical evidence on willingness and acceptance in Munich, Germany. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-07-2017-0031
Secchi, B. & Viganò, P. (1998) Brescia. Il nuovo Piano Regolatore. Brescia: Grafo
Regione Lombarida (n.d.). Geoportale della regione Lombardia. Retrieved from: https://www.geoportale. regione.lombardia.it/ (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Regione Lombardia (n.d.). SILVIA. Retrieved from: https://www.silvia.servizirl.it/silviaweb/#/home (Accessed on 27-3-2024)
Spadaro, I., Rotelli, C., & Adinolfi, P. (2023). Sustainable mobility for urban regeneration. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 16(2), 255-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/9722
Spinosa, A. (2019). Metropolitane d'Italia. Mappe e dati di tutte le rotaie e i fili delle città italiane. Ediz. Ampliata
Spinosa, A. (2023, January 7). Il tram ieri, oggi e domani. CityRailways. Retrieved from: https://cityrailways.com/dati-e-software/tram (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Tiboni, M. & Rossetti, S. (2012). Vulnerable users to assess urban quality. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 3, 91-102. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/1200
Tiboni, M. & Rossetti, S. (2013). Integrazione tra pianificazione urbanistica e della mobilità: un caso studio. Planum, 2 (27), 161-167
Tira, M. (2011). L’indispensabile integrazione fra pianificazione urbanistica e della mobilità: l’esempio del transit oriented development. Mterritorio, 2, 75-81
Tira, M. (2015). Verso nuove mobilità sostenibili. Sentieri Urbani, 16, 14-22
Tira, M., & Lombardi, S. (2009). La scelta della localizzazione ottimale delle fermate del TPL nella tecnica urbanistica. In Tecniche per la sicurezza in ambito urbano. Volume XIII - Linee guida per la realizzazione del trasporto pubblico locale, 43-68. Forlì: Egaf
Tira, M., Rossetti, S. & Tiboni, M. (2016). Managing Mobility to Save Energy through Parking Planning. In Smart energy in the smart city. Green Energy and Technology, 103-115, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG
Tortorella, W. (ed.) (2008). L’Italia delle città medie. Roma: Centro Documentazione e Studi dei Comuni italiani ANCI-IFEL
Vitale Brovarone, E. (2021). Design as if bus stops mattered: Exploring the potential role of public transport stops in the urban environment. URBAN DESIGN International, 26 (1), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41289-020-00132-8
World Bank Group (2021). Case studies compilation of good and innovative practices. In Transit-oriented Development Community of Practice. Retrieved from: https://www.thegpsc.org/tod/transit-oriented-development-community-practice (Accessed on 3-11-2023)
Zanirato, L. (2010). MetroBrescia, un passo verso il futuro. Brescia: Brescia Mobilità
Copyright (c) 2024 TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following:
1. Authors retain the rights to their work and give in to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution that allows others to share the work indicating the authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can adhere to other agreements of non-exclusive license for the distribution of the published version of the work (ex. To deposit it in an institutional repository or to publish it in a monography), provided to indicate that the document was first published in this journal.
3. Authors can distribute their work online (ex. In institutional repositories or in their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and it can increase the quotations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access)