Defining Smart City. A Conceptual Framework Based on Keyword Analysis
Abstract
“Smart city” is a concept that has been the subject of increasing attention in urban planning and governance during recent years. The first step to create Smart Cities is to understand its concept. However, a brief review of literature shows that the concept of Smart City is the subject of controversy. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework to define Smart City. To this aim, an extensive literature review was done. Then, a keyword analysis on literature was held against main research questions (why, what, who, when, where, how) and based on three main domains involved in the policy decision making process and Smart City plan development: Academic, Industrial and Governmental. This resulted in a conceptual framework for Smart City. The result clarifies the definition of Smart City, while providing a framework to define Smart City’s each sub-system. Moreover, urban authorities can apply this framework in Smart City initiatives in order to recognize their main goals, main components, and key stakeholders.Downloads
References
Allwinkle, S., Cruickshank, P., 2011. Creating Smart-er Cities: An Overview. Journal of Urban Technology 18, 1–16. doi:10.1080/10630732.2011.601103
Batty, M., Axhausen, K.W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G., Portugali, Y., 2012. Smart cities of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics 214, 481–518. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3
Canton, J., 2011. The extreme future of megacities. Significance 8, 53–56.
Coe, A., Paquet, G., Roy, J., 2001. E-governance and smart communities a social learning challenge. Social Science Computer Review 19, 80–93.
Cosgrave, E., Arbuthnot, K., Tryfonas, T., 2013. Living Labs, Innovation Districts and Information Marketplaces: A Systems Approach for Smart Cities. Procedia Computer Science 16, 668–677. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.070
Glaeser, E.L., Berry, C.R., 2006. Why are smart places getting smarter. Rappaport Institute/Taubman Center Policy Brief 2.
Gui, H., Roantree, M., 2012. A Data Cube Model for Analysis of High Volumes of Ambient Data. Procedia Computer Science 10, 94–101. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2012.06.016
Hall, R. E. 2000. The vision of a smart city, presented at the second international life extention technology workshop, Paris, France.
Herrschel, T., 2013. Competitiveness AND Sustainability: Can “Smart City Regionalism” Square the Circle? Urban Studies 50, 2332–2348. doi:10.1177/0042098013478240
Hollands, R. G., 2008. Will the real smart city please stand up? City, Vol. 12, N. 3
Lazaroiu, G.C., Roscia, M., 2012. Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy 47, 326–332. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.028
Lee, J.H., Phaal, R., Lee, S.-H., 2013. An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80, 286–306. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2012.09.020
Leydesdorff, L. and Deakin, M., 2011. The triple-helix model of smart cities: a neo evolutionary perspective. Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2). pp. 53-63. ISSN 1063 0732
Marsa-Maestre, I., Lopez-Carmona, M. A., Velasco, J. R., & Navarro, A., 2008. Mobile agents for service personalization in smart environments. Journal of Networks, 3(5), 30-41.
Nam, T., Pardo, T.A., 2011. Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions, in: Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times. ACM, pp. 282–291.
Odendaal, N., 2003. Information and communication technology and local governance: understanding the difference between cities in developed and emerging economies. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 27, 585–607. doi:10.1016/S0198-9715(03)00016-4
Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Leech, N.L., Collins, K.M., 2012. Qualitative Analysis Techniques for the Review of the Literature. Qualitative Report 17, 56.
Pol, O., Palensky, P., Kuh, C., Leutgöb, K., Page, J., Zucker, G., 2012. Integration of centralized energy monitoring specifications into the planning process of a new urban development area: a step towards smart cities. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 129, 258–264. doi:10.1007/s00502-012-0010-7
Winters, J.V., 2011. WHY ARE SMART CITIES GROWING? WHO MOVES AND WHO STAYS*. Journal of Regional Science 51, 253–270. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00693.x
Yovanof, G.S., Hazapis, G.N., 2009. An Architectural Framework and Enabling Wireless Technologies for Digital Cities & Intelligent Urban Environments. Wireless Personal Communications 49, 445–463. doi:10.1007/s11277-009-9693-4
GREY LITERATURE
Aoun, CH., 2013. The Smart City Cornerstone:Urban Efficiency. Published by Schneider electric.
Bahr, V., 2013. What Smart Cities can learn from CONCERTO, Summarising the results of the 58 cities and communities co-financed by the CONCERTO initiative
Berst, 2013. Smart Cities readiness guide, Smart cities Council.
EIP-SCC (European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities), 2013. Strategic Implementation Plan.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2014. Smart Growth, extracted in March 2014 from http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/.
European Commision, 2014a. extracted in March 2014 from http://eu-smartcities.eu/.
European Commision, 2014b. extracted in March 2014 from http://eu-smartcities.eu/about.
Harrison, C., Donnelly, I.A., 2011. A theory of smart cities, in: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the ISSS-2011. Hull, UK.
IBM, 2009. A vision of smarter cities, IBM Institute for Business Value, Somers, NY.
Kanter, R. M. & Litow, S. S., 2009. Informed and Interconnected: a manifesto for smarter cities, working paper.
Komninos, N., Schaffers, H., Pallot, M., 2011. Developing a Policy road map for Smart Cities and the future internet.
Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Farouh, H., Yousef, W., 2012. Modelling the smart city performance. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 25, 137–149. doi:10.1080/13511610.2012.660325
Smart Cities Stakeholder Platform’s Roadmap Group, 2013. 10 year rolling agenda.
Shneider electric, 2014. Smart Cities, extracted in March 2014 from http://www.gogreeninthecity.com/smart-cities.html
Vienna University of Technology, University of Ljubljana, Delft University of Technology, 2007. Smart Cities: ranking of European medium-sized cities.
Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., 2009. Helping CIOs Understand “Smart City” Initiatives. Growth.
Copyright (c) 2014 Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following:
1. Authors retain the rights to their work and give in to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution that allows others to share the work indicating the authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can adhere to other agreements of non-exclusive license for the distribution of the published version of the work (ex. To deposit it in an institutional repository or to publish it in a monography), provided to indicate that the document was first published in this journal.
3. Authors can distribute their work online (ex. In institutional repositories or in their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and it can increase the quotations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access)