Modeling metro users' travel behavior in Tehran: Frequency of Use
Abstract
Transit-oriented development (TOD), as a sustainable supporting strategy, emphasizes the improvement of public transportation coverage and quality, land use density and diversity of around public transportation stations and priority of walking and cycling at station areas. Traffic, environmental and economic problems arising from high growth of personal car, inappropriate distribution of land use, and car-orientation of metropolitan area, necessitate adoption of TOD. In recent years, more researches on urban development and transportation have focused on this strategy. This research considering metro stations as base for development, aims to model metro users' travel behavior and decision-making procedures. In this regard, research question is: what are the parameters or factors affecting in the frequency of travel by metro in half-mile radius from stations. The radius was determine based on TOD definitions and 5 minute walking time to metro stations. A questionnaire was designed in three sections that including travel features by metro, attitudes toward metro, economic and social characteristics of respondents. Ten stations were selected based on their geographic dispersion in Tehran and a sample of 450 respondents was determined. The questionnaires were surveyed face to face in (half-mile) vicinity of metro stations. Based on a refined sample on 400 questionnaires ordered discrete choice models were considered. Results of descriptive statistics show that 38.5 percent of the sample used metro more than 4 times per week. Trip purpose for 45.7 percent of metro users is work. Access mode to the metro stations for nearly half of the users (47.6 percent) is bus. Results of ordered logit models show a number of significant variables including: habit of using the metro, waiting time in station, trip purpose (working, shopping and recreation), personal car access mode to the metro station, walking access mode to the metro station and being a housewife.
Downloads
References
Arrington, G. B., & Cervero, R. (2008). TCRP Report 128: Effects of TOD on Housing, Parking, and Travel. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 3.
Barton, H. (1998). Eco‐neighbourhoods: A review of projects. Local Environment, 3(2), 159-177. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839808725555.
Ben-Akiva, M. E., & Lerman, S. R. (1985). Discrete choice analysis: theory and application to travel demand (Vol. 9). MIT press.
California Department of Transportation ( 2001). Factors for Success in California’s Transit-Oriented Development.Sacramento,Technical Advisory and Policy Steering Committee.
Calthorpe, P. (1993). The next American metropolis: Ecology, community, and the American dream. Princeton architectural press.
Cervero, R., & Bernick, M. (1996). High-Speed rail and development of California's central valley: Comparative lessons and public policy considerations. University of California at Berkeley, Institute of Urban and Regional Development.
Cervero, R., & Day, J. (2008). Suburbanization and transit-oriented development in China. Transport Policy, 15(5), 315-323. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2008.12.011.
Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2(3), 199-219. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-9209(97)00009-6.
Cervero, R., Ferrell, C., & Murphy, S. (2002). Transit-oriented development and joint development in the United States: A literature review. TCRP research results digest, (52).
Cervero, R. (2004). Transit-oriented development in the United States: Experiences, challenges, and prospects (Vol. 102). Transportation Research Board.
Curtis, C., Renne, J. L., & Bertolini, L. (Eds.). (2009). Transit oriented development: making it happen. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Ewing, R., & Cervero, R. (2010). Travel and the built environment: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American planning association, 76(3), 265-294. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944361003766766.
McKelvey, R. D., & Zavoina, W. (1975). A statistical model for the analysis of ordinal level dependent variables. Journal of mathematical sociology, 4(1), 103-120. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250x.1975.9989847.
Miller, P., de Barros, A. G., Kattan, L., & Wirasinghe, S. C. (2016). Analyzing the sustainability performance of public transit. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 44, 177-198. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.02.012.
Mu, R., & de Jong, M. (2012). Establishing the conditions for effective transit-oriented development in China: the case of Dalian. Journal of Transport Geography, 24, 234-249. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.02.010
Nasri, A., & Zhang, L. (2014). The analysis of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Washington, DC and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Transport policy, 32, 172-179. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.12.009.
Papa, E., & Bertolini, L. (2015). Accessibility and transit-oriented development in European metropolitan areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 47, 70-83. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.07.003.
Parker, T. (2002). Statewide Transit-Oriented Development Study: Factors for Success in California: Final Report.
Renne, J. L. (2007). Measuring the performance of transit-oriented developments in Western Australia. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Renne, J. L. (2009). From transit-adjacent to transit-oriented development. Local Environment, 14(1), 1-15. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549830802522376.
Singh, Y. J., Fard, P., Zuidgeest, M., Brussel, M., & van Maarseveen, M. (2014). Measuring transit oriented development: a spatial multi criteria assessment approach for the City Region Arnhem and Nijmegen. Journal of Transport Geography, 35, 130-143. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.01.014.
Stewart, O. T., & Moudon, A. V. (2014). Using the built environment to oversample walk, transit, and bicycle travel. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 32, 15-23. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.06.012.
Urban Development Planning Foundation of Tehran (2006). Tehran Master Plan. Municipality of Tehran.
TURPC (Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center) (2015). Retrieved from: https://rpc.tehran.ir/en/.
TUSROC (Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Corporation) (2015). Retrieved from: http://metro.tehran.ir/
Vale, D. S. (2015). Transit-oriented development, integration of land use and transport, and pedestrian accessibility: Combining node-place model with pedestrian shed ratio to evaluate and classify station areas in Lisbon. Journal of transport geography, 45, 70-80. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.04.009.
Copyright (c) 2016 Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following:
1. Authors retain the rights to their work and give in to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution that allows others to share the work indicating the authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can adhere to other agreements of non-exclusive license for the distribution of the published version of the work (ex. To deposit it in an institutional repository or to publish it in a monography), provided to indicate that the document was first published in this journal.
3. Authors can distribute their work online (ex. In institutional repositories or in their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and it can increase the quotations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access)