Spatial policy in cities during the Covid-19 pandemic in Poland
Abstract
The ‘geographic’ aim of the study is to find the regularity of the increase in the number of infections in larger cities and their surroundings. The goal related to the science of public policy is to determine the implemented and potential effects related to spatial policy in Polish cities. The geographic part of this publication uses the available data on the development of the number of identified (recorded) infections. The part of the paper related to the accomplishment of the goal covering the sphere of public policy is primarily of an overview nature. It contains the characteristics of the spatial management system in Poland (including tools affecting the broadest impact on urban space) and the introduced and potential changes caused by the pandemic.
Downloads
References
Acheampong, R. A. (2019). Historical Origins and Evolution of Spatial Planning and the Planning System in Ghana. In Spatial Planning in Ghana, 29-56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02011-8_3
Acuto, M. (2020). COVID-19: lessons for an urban (izing) world. One Earth. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.004
Amin, H. N. M., & Amin, H. N. M. (2020). Climate Analysis to Predict Potential Spread and Seasonality for Global (COVID-19) in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 72-83, http://doi.org/10.24017/kjar.
Angiello, G. (2020). Toward greener and pandemic-proof cities: Italian cities policy responses to Covid-19 pandemic. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 13(2), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/7047
Ascani, A., Faggian, A., & Montresor, S. (2020). The geograpfy of COVID-19 and the structure of local economies: the case of Italy. Journal of Regional Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12510
Badr, H. S., Du, H., Marshall, M., Dong, E., Squire, M. M., & Gardner, L. M. (2020). Association between mobility patterns and COVID-19 transmission in the USA: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30553-3
Benton, T. G. (2020). COVID-19 and disruptions to food systems. Agriculture and Human Values, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10081-1
Blaas, W. (Ed.). (2019). A new perspective for European spatial development policies. Routledge.
Borsa, M. (2016). Powrót do centrum miasta-siły sprawcze, uczestnicy, motywacje/The Return to the City-centre-Driving Forces, Participants, Motivations. Studia KPZK.
Boschetto, P. (2020). Covid-19 and simplification of urban planning tools. The residual plan. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 9-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6845
Carozzi F. (2020). Urban Density and Covid-19, IZA Discussion Paper, 13440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102378.
Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., ... & Viboud, C. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science, 368 (6489), 395-400. http://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.aba9757
Chmielewski, T. J., Śleszyński, P., Chmielewski, S., & Kułak, A. (2018). Ekologiczne i fizjonomiczne koszty bezładu przestrzennego Prace Geograficzne, (Vol. 264). IGiPZ PAN.
Cliff, A. D., & Haggett, P. (1989). Spatial aspects of epidemic control. Progress in Human Geography, 13(3), 315-347.
Cordes, J., & Castro, M. C. (2020). Spatial analysis of COVID-19 clusters and contextual factors in New York City. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 34, 100355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2020.100355
Cotella, G., & Brovarone, E. V. (2020). Questioning urbanisation models in the face of Covid-19. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 105-118. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6913
Darch, S. E., Simoska, O., Fitzpatrick, M., Barraza, J. P., Stevenson, K. J., Bonnecaze, R. T., ... & Whiteley, M. (2018). Spatial determinants of quorum signaling in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(18), 4779-4784, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719317115.
Du, Z., Wang, L., Cauchemez, S., Xu, X., Wang, X., Cowling, B. J., & Meyers, L. A. (2020). Risk for transportation of coronavirus disease from Wuhan to other cities in China. Emerging infectious diseases, 26 (5), 1049. http://doi.org/ 10.3201/eid2605.200146
Falchetta, G., & Noussan, M. (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Transport Demand, Modal Choices, and Sectoral Energy Consumption in Europe. Retrieved from: https://www.iaee.org/documents/2020EnergyForumSI.pdf
Fasolino, I., Grimaldi, M., & Coppola, F. (2020). The paradigms of urban planning to emergency-proof. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 165-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6847
Franch-Pardo, I., Napoletano, B. M., Rosete-Verges, F., & Billa, L. (2020). Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19. A review. Science of The Total Environment, 140033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140033.
Gaglione, F. (2020). Strategies and guidelines for urban sustainability: the Covid-19 effects on the mobility system in Italy. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 13(2), 265-270. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/7096
Gargiulo, C., Gaglione, F., Guida, C., Papa, R., Zucaro, F., & Carpentieri, G. (2020). The role of the urban settlement system in the spread of Covid-19 pandemic. The Italian case. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 189-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6864
Giedych, R. (2018). Ochrona przyrody w polityce przestrzennej miast. Studia KPZK PAN, 5-252. Retrieved from: https://journals.pan.pl/Content/113372/PDF/Studia+190+-+Giedych.pdf
Gitundu, B.H. (2020). Urban Environment, Sustainability And Climate Change, Critical review of the interaction between urban sprawl and sustainable transportation in cities, Retrieved from: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/62952196/Sustainable_Urban_Transport_and_Urban_Morphology20200414-9170-15s75mk.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DSustainable_Urban_Transport_and_Urban_Mo.pdf (accessed on 23 April).
Gorzelak, G., Jałowiecki, B., & Smętkowski, M. (2009). Obszary metropolitalne w Polsce: problemy rozwojowe i delimitacja. Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN. Retrieved from: http://www.euroreg.uw.edu.pl/dane/web_euroreg_publications_files/602/obszary_metropolitalne_w_polsce_problemy_rozwojowe_i_delimitacja.pdf
Grabkowska, M. (2011). Inner-city transformations after socialism. Findings from interviews with new residents of pre-war tenement houses in Gdańsk. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic series, 15(15), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0008-7
Guida, C., & Caglioni, M. (2020). Urban accessibility: the paradox, the paradigms and the measures. A scientific review. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 13(2), 149-168. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6743
Hamidi, S., Ewing, R., & Sabouri, S. (2020). Longitudinal analyses of the relationship between development density and the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates: Early evidence from 1,165 metropolitan counties in the United States. Health & place, 64, 102378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102378
Helm, D. (2020). The environmental impacts of the coronavirus. Environmental & Resource Economics, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00426-z
Ida, T., & Ono, H. (2019). Urban Sprawl and Local Public Service Costs in Japan. In Advances in Local Public Economics 195-215. Springer, Singapore. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3107-7_11
Izdebski, W., Śleszyński, P., Malinowski, Z., & Kursa, M. (2018). Analiza morfometryczna planów miejscowych w Polsce. Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich. https://doi.org/10.14597/INFRAECO.2018.2.1.022.
Jarynowski, A., Wójta-Kempa, M., Płatek, D., Krzowski, Ł., & Belik, V. (2020). Spatial diversity of COVID-19 cased in Poland explained by mobility patterns-preliminary results. SSRN 3621152.
Karwińska, A., Böhm, A., & Kudłacz, M. (2018). The phenomenon of urban sprawl in modern Poland: Causes, effects and remedies. Zarządzanie Publiczne/Public Governance, (3 (45)), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.15678/ZP.2018.45.3.02.
Kojder, K., Kupiec, M., Baranowska-Bosiacka, I., Nowak, M. (2020). Narzędzia polityki przestrzennej a ochrona zdrowia in M. Nowak (red.) Funkcje narzędzi polityki przestrzennej, Studia KPZK PAN, 5/197, Warszawa.
Komornicki, T., Szejgiec-Kolenda, B., Degórska, B., Goch, K., Śleszyński, P., Bednarek-Szczepańska, M., & Siłka, P. (2018). Spatial planning determinants of cohesion policy implementation in Polish regions. Europa XXI, 35, 69-87. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2018.35.5
Kovács, Z., Farkas, Z. J., Egedy, T., Kondor, A. C., Szabó, B., Lennert, J., ... & Kohán, B. (2019). Urban sprawl and land conversion in post-socialist cities: The case of metropolitan Budapest. Cities, 92, 71-81.
Kowalewski, A., Mordasewicz, J., Osiatyński, J., Regulski, J., Stępień, J., & Śleszyński, P. (2014). Ekonomiczne straty i społeczne koszty niekontrolowanej urbanizacji w Polsce-wybrane fragmenty raportu. Samorząd Terytorialny, (4), 5-21.
Krajewska, M., & Pawłowski, K. (2019). Coherent Land Policy and Land Value. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, 13(4). https:// doi.org/10.7494/geom.2019.13.4.33.
Kudłacz, T. (2015). Problems of Integration of Spatial and Socio – Economic Planning on Local Level in Poland (w:) A. Klasik, T. Kudłacz (red.) Integrated Development and Spatial Management of Urban Areas. Polish Experience, Studia Regionalia vol. 43/44.
Krukowska, J., & Lackowska, M. (2016). Metropolitalne kolory europeizacji. Instytucjonalizacja współpracy w funkcjonalnych obszarach miejskich w Polsce w świetle nowych instrumentów polityki spójności UE. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, (1 (63)), 82-107.
Krzysztofik, R., Kantor-Pietraga, I., Runge, A., & Spórna, T. (2017). Is the suburbanisation stage always important in the transformation of large urban agglomerations? The case of the Katowice conurbation. https:// doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0082
Kyvelou, S. S., & Gourgiotis, A. (2019). Landscape as Connecting Link of Nature and Culture: Spatial Planning Policy Implications in Greece. Urban Science, 3(3), 81. https:// doi: doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030081
Lai, S., Leone, F., & Zoppi, C. (2020). Covid-19 and spatial planning. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 231-246. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6846
Lipiec A., 2020. Coronavirus: Research from Krakow shows how many people can be asymptomatically infected, Medonet.
Lityński, P., & Hołuj, A. (2017). Urban sprawl costs: The valuation of households’ losses in Poland. Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, 8(1), 11-35. https:// doi: 10.24193/02JSSP012017
Lorens, P. (2016). Kształtowanie programów rewitalizacji miast w kontekście współczesnych przemian społeczno-ekonomicznych, doktrynalnych i prawnych. Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN. Retrieved from: https://journals.pan.pl/Content/100740/PDF/03+-+Piotr+Lorens+1.pdf
Lorens, P. (2017). Trends and problems of contemporary urbanization processes in Poland." Spatial Planning and Urban Development in the New EU Member States. Routledge, 109-126, Retrieved from: https://www.routledge.com/Spatial-Planning-and-Urban-Development-in-the-New-EU-Member-States-From/Altrock-Guntner-Peters/p/book/9780754646846 (accessed on 22 April).
Lorens, P., & Ledwoń, S. (2018). Delimitacja obszaru rewitalizacji na przykładzie Lokalnego Programu Rewitalizacji Miasta Wejherowa. Studia Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN, 107-132. Retrieved from: https://journals.pan.pl/Content/113337/PDF/6+-+Lorens%2C+Ledwo%C5%84+1.pdf
Mantey, D., & Kępkowicz, A. (2018). Types of public spaces: The polish contribution to the discussion of suburban public space. The Professional Geographer, 70(4), 633-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2018.1443475
Mantey, D., & Sudra, P. (2019). Types of suburbs in post-socialist Poland and their potential for creating public spaces. Cities, 88, 209-221. https:// doi: 10.1016 / j.cities.2018.11.001
Markowski, T., & Marszał, T. (2006). Metropolie, obszary metropolitalne, metropolizacja: problemy i pojęcia podstawowe. Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju.
Markowski, T. (2010). Planowanie przestrzenne i instrumenty jego realizacji w świetle teorii ułomnych rynków,[w:] Zarządzanie rozwojem przestrzennym miast. P. Lorensa, J. Martyniuk-Pęczek, Wydawnictwo Urbanistyka, Gdańsk.
Markowski, T., & Drzazga, D. (2015). Koncepcja systemu zintegrowanego planowania rozwoju w Polsce (założenia i zasady kierunkowe budowania systemu)/The Concept of Integrated Planning System in Poland.(Assumptions and Principlesfor Development of Planning System). Studia KPZK.
Markowski, T. (2016). Kapitał terytorialny jako cel zintegrowanego planowania rozwoju. Mazowsze Studia Regionalne, (18), 111-119. http://doi.org/10.21858/msr.18.08
Meade, M. S. (2014). Medical geography. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society, 1375-1381, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118410868.wbehibs204.
Murgante, B., Balletto, G., Borruso, G., Las Casas, G., Castiglia, P., & Dettori, M. (2020). Geographical analyses of Covid-19's spreading contagion in the challenge of global health risks. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 283-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6849
Nadin, V., Fernández Maldonado, A., Zonneveld, W., Stead, D., Dąbrowski, M., Piskorek, K., … & Münter, A. (2018). COMPASS – Comparative Analysis of Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning Systems in Europe Applied Research 2016-2018 Final Report, ESPON, Luxembourg, Retrieved from: https://www.espon.eu/planning-systems
Napierała, T., Leśniewska-Napierała, K., & Burski, R. (2020). Impact of Geographic Distribution of COVID-19 Cases on Hotels’ Performances: Case of Polish Cities. Sustainability, 12(11), 4697. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114697
Niedzielski, M., & Śleszyński, P. (2008). Analyzing accessibility by transport mode in Warsaw, Poland. Geographia Polonica, 81(2), 61-78. ISSN 0016-7282
Niedzielski, M. A., Hu, Y., & Stępniak, M. (2020). Temporal dynamics of the impact of land use on modal disparity in commuting efficiency. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 83, 101523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101523
Nowak, M. J. (2010). Polskie obszary metropolitalne-problemy definicyjne. Samorząd terytorialny, (3), 18-28.
Nowak, M. (2015). Bezpośrednie instrumenty zarządzania przestrzenią w dużych miastach i metropoliach/Direct Spatial Management Instruments in Large Cities and Metropolises. Biuletyn KPZK.
Nowak, M. J. (2017a). Niesprawność władz publicznych a system gospodarki przestrzennej. Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN.
Nowak, M. J. (2017b). The Stakeholders and Municipal Authoritiesin the Spatial Competition. Biuletyn Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju, (265), 22-35.
Nowak, M. (2020). Planowanie i zagospodarowanie przestrzenne. Komentarz do ustawy i przepisów powiązanych. Wydawnictwo CH Beck, Warszawa.
Nowakowska, A. (2015). Zintegrowane plany rozwoju–w stronę terytorialno-funkcjonalnego podejścia do rozwoju jednostki terytorialnej. In Nowakowska A., (ed.), Nowoczesne metody i narzędzia zarządzania rozwojem lokalnym i regionalnym, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2015;. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Panum P.L. (1846). Measels in the Faroe Islands, Virchows Archiv für Pathologie und Medizin, 1, pp. 492-512.
Parysek, J. J. (2010). Urban policy in the context of contemporary urbanisation processes and development issues of Polish cities. Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis, 2(2), 33-44.
Parysek, J. J., & Mierzejewska, L. (2016). Spatial structure of a city and the mobility of its residents: functional and planning aspects. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 34(34), 91-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0037
Pei i in., 2014, A new insight into land use classification based on aggregated mobile phone data, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 28, 9, s. 1988-2007. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2014.913794
Raciborski, F., Pinkas, J., Jankowski, M., Sierpiński, R., Zgliczyński, W. S., Szumowski, Ł., ... & Gujski, M. (2020). Dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak in Poland: an epidemiological analysis of the first two months of the epidemic. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine. http://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.15430
Regulation of the Minister of Health of April 7, 2020 on the National Register of Patients with COVID-19, Dz.U.2020.625.
Roca, J., Burns, M. C., & Carreras, J. M. (2004). Monitoring urban sprawl around Barcelona’s metropolitan area with the aid of satellite imagery. In XXth ISPRS CONGRESS. Istanbul, Turkey 12-23. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Josep_Roca3/publication/228912339_Monitoring_urban_sprawl_around_Barcelona's_Metropolitan_Area_with_the_aid_of_satellite_imagery/links/54e2d5680cf296663797a7d0.pdf
Ronchi, S., Arcidiacono, A., & Pogliani, L. (2020). Integrating green infrastructure into spatial planning regulations to improve the performance of urban ecosystems. Insights from an Italian case study. Sustainable Cities and Society, 53, 101907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101907.
Rogalski M., 2020, Internet database of COVID infections by voivodeship and county, updated daily. Retrieved from: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ierEhD6gcq51HAm433knjnVwey4ZE5DCnu1bW7PRG3E/edit?usp=sharing
Sagan, I., & Grabkowska, M. (2012). Urban regeneration in Gdańsk, Poland: Local regimes and tensions between top-down strategies and endogenous renewal. European Planning Studies, 20(7), 1135-1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.674347
Sagan, I., & Grabkowska, M. (2013). Negotiating Participatory regeneration in the post-socialist inner city. The Routledge Companion to Urban Regeneration, Michael E. Leary, John McCarthy Ed., Routledge.
Santoro, S., Melone, M. R. S., & Camarda, D. (2020). Building strategic scenarios during Covid-19 lockdown. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 13(2), 229-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6917
Sattenspiel, L., & Lloyd, A. (2009). The geographic spread of infectious diseases: models and applications (Vol. 5). Princeton University Press.
Sharifi, A., & Yamagata, Y. (2018). Resilience-oriented urban planning. In Resilience-Oriented Urban Planning, 3-27. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75798-8_1
Skydsgaard, M. A. (2010). It’s probably in the Air: Medical Meteorology in Denmark, 1810–1875. Medical history, 54(2), 215-236., https://doi:10.1017/s0025727300006724.
Sofo, A., & Sofo, A. (2020). Converting Home Spaces Into Food Gardens At the Time of Covid-19 Quarantine: All the Benefits of Plants in This Difficult and Unprecedented Period. Human Ecology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00150-8
Szlachta, J. (2013). Europejski wymiar polityki miejskiej w Polsce. Studia KPZK, 186.
Szulczewska, B., Giedych, R., Borowski, J., Kuchcik, M., Sikorski, P., Mazurkiewicz, A., & Stańczyk, T. (2014). How much green is needed for a vital neighbourhood? In search for empirical evidence. Land Use Policy, 38, 330-345. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.11.006.
Szulczewska, B. (2018). Zielona infrastruktura-czy koniec historii?. Studia KPZK, 189.
Śleszyński, P., Deręgowska, A., Kubiak, Ł., Sudra, P., & Zielińska, B. (2018). Analiza stanu i uwarunkowań prac planistycznych w gminach w 2017 roku. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN na zlecenie Ministerstwa Infrastruktury i Rozwoju, Warszawa.
Śleszyński, P., Stępniak, M., & Mazurek, D. (2018). Oszacowanie skutków presji inwestycyjnej i nadpodaży gruntów budowlanych w strefie podmiejskiej Warszawy na przykładzie gmin pasma zachodniego= Estimation of the effects of investment pressure and the oversupply of building land in the suburban area of Warsaw as exemplified by the “Western Belt” communes. Przegląd Geograficzny, 90(2), 209-240. http://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.2.2
Śleszyński, P. (2018). Potencjalne koszty odszkodowawcze związane z niewłaściwym planowaniem przestrzennym w gminach, In: Koszty chaosu przestrzennego, Studia KPZK PAN, Kowalewski A., Markowski T., Śleszyński P., Ed., 182, 2, Warszawa, 404-424.
Śleszyński, P., Kowalewski, A., Markowski, T., Legutko-Kobus, P., & Nowak, M. (2020). The Contemporary Economic Costs of Spatial Chaos: Evidence from Poland. Land, 9(7), 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9070214
Śleszyński, P. (2020). Prawidłowości przebiegu dyfuzji przestrzennej rejestrowanych zakażeń koronawirusem SARS-CoV-2 w Polsce w pierwszych 100 dniach epidemii= The regularity of spatial diffusion of recorded SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infections of the epidemic in Poland in the first 100 days, Czasopismo Geograficzne (in print).
Śleszyński P., Niedzielski M. (2018). Zastosowanie danych telemetrycznych do szacunku ludności dziennej i nocnej w Warszawie, Czasopismo Geograficzne, 89, 1-2, 43-60.
Tammes, P. (2020). Social distancing, population density, and spread of COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal study. BJGP open, 4(3), https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20X101116.
Tan, K. C., San Lim, H., MatJafri, M. Z., & Abdullah, K. (2010). Landsat data to evaluate urban expansion and determine land use/land cover changes in Penang Island, Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60(7), 1509-1521. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-009-0286-z (accessed on 1 May).
UNECE (2020). Governments in Pan-European region launch UN Task Force to make post-COVID-19 pandemic mobility more environmentally sound, healthy and sustainable - Retrieved from: https://www.unece.org/info/media/presscurrentpress-h/transport/2020/governments-in-pan-european-region-launch-un-task-force-to-make-post-covid-19-pandemicmobility-more-environmentally-sound-healthy-and-sustainable/doc.html
Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, COVID-19: Liczba chorych bezobjawowo jest większa niż sądzono, Retrieved from: https://www.uj.edu.pl/wiadomosci/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_d82lKZvhit4m/10172/145226636 (in Polish). https://www.cire.pl/item,202338,1,0,0,0,0,0,wkrotce-kolejne-badania-przesiewowe-wsrod-gornikow-kopalni-chwalowice.html
Ustawa z dnia 31 marca 2020 o zmianie ustawy o szczególnych rozwiązaniach związanych z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19, innych chorób zakaźnych oraz wywołanych nimi sytuacji kryzysowych oraz niektórych innych ustaw (Dz. U. 2020, poz. 568)
Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 2020 r. o szczególnych instrumentach wsparcia w związku z rozprzestrzenianiem się wirusa SARS-CoV-2 (Dz.U. 2020, poz. 695)
Ustawa z 14 maja 2020 r. o zmianie niektórych ustaw w zakresie działań osłonowych w związku z rozprzestrzenianiem się wirusa SARS-CoV-2 (Dz.U. 2020 poz. 875)
Ustawa z 19 czerwca 2020 r. o dopłatach do oprocentowania kredytów bankowych udzielanych na zapewnienie płynności finansowej przedsiębiorcom dotkniętym skutkami COVID-19 oraz o zmianie niektórych innych ustaw (Dz. U. 2020, poz. 1086)
Van Kempen, R., Vermeulen, M., & Baan, A. (Eds.). (2005). Urban issues and urban policies in the new EU countries. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Weclawowicz, G. (2002). From egalitarian cities in theory to non-egalitarian cities in practice: the changing social and spatial patterns in Polish cities. Of states and cities, 183-199.
Wilson, M. E. (2010). Geography of infectious diseases. Infectious Diseases, 1055. https://doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-04579-7.00101-5.
Yuan, Y., & Raubal, M. (2012, September). Extracting dynamic urban mobility patterns from mobile phone data. In International conference on geographic information science, 354-367. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33024-7_26
Yue, Y., Zhuang, Y., Yeh, A. G., Xie, J. Y., Ma, C. L., & Li, Q. Q. (2017). Measurements of POI-based mixed use and their relationships with neighbourhood vibrancy. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 31(4), 658-675. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2016.1220561
Zecca, C., Gaglione, F., Laing, R., & Gargiulo, C. (2020). Pedestrian routes and accessibility to urban services: an urban rhythmic analysis on people's behaviour before and during the Covid-19. TeMA: journal of land use, mobility and environment, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/7051
Copyright (c) 2020 TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following:
1. Authors retain the rights to their work and give in to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution that allows others to share the work indicating the authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can adhere to other agreements of non-exclusive license for the distribution of the published version of the work (ex. To deposit it in an institutional repository or to publish it in a monography), provided to indicate that the document was first published in this journal.
3. Authors can distribute their work online (ex. In institutional repositories or in their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and it can increase the quotations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access)