About non-knowledge in Knowledge management for planning: Towards an applied ontological approach
Abstract
This work contains reflections on the awareness of how the lack of knowledge and the unknown are important elements to consider during any territorial and environmental planning process. The unknown can affect dramatically the effectiveness of choices and start a chain of unpredictable consequences. The awareness of such issues emerged dramatically with the recent pandemic. Plans often deal with policy decisions, planning decisions that interest collectivity, human and non-human beings, our space, our territories and our time (or portions of time). Such plans (either for households or a city or a region) have to cope with unexpected events, uncertainties, with unwanted consequences. After an exploration of some theoretical aspects of knowledge and non-knowledge, we argue about the extent to which ontologies can be a useful conceptual approach to deal with the lack of knowledge and the unknown in planning.
Downloads
References
Banini, T., & Palagiano, C. (2014). Environment and health in Italian cities: The case of Taranto. In A. Malik, E. Grohmann & R. Akhtar (Eds.), Environmental Deterioration and Human Health: Natural and Anthropogenic Determinants, 17-37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7890-0_2
Bastin, L., Cornford, D., Jones, R., Heuvelink, G. B., Pebesma, E., Stasch, C., ... & Williams, M. (2013). Managing uncertainty in integrated environmental modelling: The UncertWeb framework. Environmental Modelling & Software, 39, 116-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.008
Borgo, S., Borri, D., Camarda, D., & Stufano Melone, M. R. (2021). An Ontological Analysis of Cities, Smart Cities and Their Components. In Technology and the City (365-387). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52313-8_18
Borgo, S., & Masolo, C. (2009). Foundational choices in DOLCE, in Staab, S., & Studer, R. (Eds), Handbook on Ontologies. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 361–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92673-3_16
Borgo, S., & Masolo, C. (2010). Ontological foundations of DOLCE. In R. Poli, M. Healy & A. Kameas (Eds.), Theory and Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications, 279-295. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8847-5_13
Borri, D., & Camarda, D. (2017). Degrado e resilienza nella transizione postindustriale. L’atipico profilo di Taranto. CRIOS - Critica degli Ordinamenti Spaziali, 14, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.3280/CRIOS2017-014003
Borri, D., Camarda, D., & Grassini, L. (2011). Learning and sharing technology in informal contexts: A multiagent-based supporting approach. In 2011 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Data Management (Vol. 2, 98-105). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MDM.2011.15
Boulding, K. E. (1966). The economics of the coming spaceship earth. In H. Jarrett (Ed.), Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy, Resources for the Future, 3-14. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Buurman, J., & Babovic, V. (2016). Adaptation Pathways and Real Options Analysis:An approach to deep uncertainty in climate change adaptation policies. Policy and Society, 35(2), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2016.05.002
Camarda, D., Rotondo, F., & Selicato, F. (2014). Strategies for dealing with urban shrinkage: Issues and scenarios in Taranto. European Planning Studies, 23(1), 126-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.820099
Carson, Rachel. (1962). Silent spring. Boston; Cambridge, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin; Riverside Press.
Davis, Devra L. (2002). A look back at the London smog of 1952 and the half century since. Environmental health perspectives, 110 (12), A734-A735. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.110-a734
Gaio, S., Borgo, S., Masolo, C., Otramari, A., & Guarino, N. (2010). Un’introduzione all’ontologia DOLCE. AIDA Informazioni, 1-2, 107-127.
Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Masolo, C., Oltramari, A., & Schneider, L. (2002) Sweetening ontologies with DOLCE. In International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (166-181). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45810-7_18
Greco, C. (2016). Blaming the southern victim: Cancer and the Italian ‘Southern Question’ in Terra dei Fuochi and Taranto. Anthropology Today, 32(3), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12255
Guarino, N. (Ed.). (1998). Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS'98) (Vol. 46). Trento: IOS press.
Gumbrecht, H. U. (2014). Our broad present: Time and contemporary culture. Columbia University Press.
Hatchuel, A., Le Masson, P., Reich, Y., & Subrahmanian, E. (2018). Design theory: a foundation of a new paradigm for design science and engineering. Research in Engineering Design, 29(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-017-0275-2
Hirschman, A.O. (1958). The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kain, Jaan-Henrik, & Söderberg, Henriette. (2008). Management of complex knowledge in planning for sustainable development: the use of multi-criteria decision aids. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 28(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2007.03.007
Keynes, J.M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money. London: Macmillan.
Luhmann, N. (1997). Limits of steering. Theory, culture & society, 14(1), 41-57.
https://doi.org/10.1177/026327697014001003
Marchau, V. A., Walker, W. E., Bloemen, P. J., & Popper, S. W. (2019). Decision making under deep uncertainty: From theory to practice (p. 405). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05252-2
Maretti, M. (2014). Urban crisis within environmental and industrial policies in Italy: The case of the steel industry in Taranto. In W. G. Holt (Ed.), From Sustainable to Resilient Cities: Global Concerns and Urban Efforts, 103-124. Bingley: Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1047-004220140000014005
Masi, A.C. (2012). Nuova Italsider-Taranto and thesSteel crisis: Problems, innovations and prospects. In M. Yves, W. Vincent & R. Martin (Eds.), The Politics of Steel: Western Europe and the Steel Industry in the Crisis Years (1974-1984), 476-501. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Masolo, C., Borgo, S., Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Oltramari, A., & Schneider, L. (2002). WonderWeb Deliverable D17. The WonderWeb Library of Foundational Ontologies and the DOLCE Ontology. Padova: ISTC-CNR.
McKeague, P., van’t Veer, R., Huvila, I., Moreau, A., Verhagen, P., Bernard, L., ... & Manen, N. V. (2019). Mapping our heritage: Towards a sustainable future for digital spatial information and technologies in European archaeological heritage management. Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology, 2(1), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa
Minhas, S. U. H., & Berger, U. (2014, October). Ontology Based Environmental Knowledge Management-A System to Support Decisions in Manufacturing Planning. In International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development (Vol. 2, 397-404). SCITEPRESS.
Noy, N. F., & McGuinness, D. L. (2001). Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology.
Odum, E.P. (1953). Fundamentals of Ecology. New Haven: YUP.
Painter, David S. (2013). Oil and the October War. In A. Siniver (Ed.), The Yom Kippur War: Politics. Diplomacy, Legacy, 173-193. Oxford: OUP.
Perrone, C. (2010). DiverCity: conoscenza, pianificazione, città delle differenze. F. Angeli.
Perroux, Francois. (1955). A note on the notion of growth pole. Economie Appliquee, ½, 307-320.
Pichierri, Angelo. (1990). Crisis and restructuring in the steel industry. Italian Politics, 4, 58-70.
Porsia, F., & Scionti, M. (1989). Taranto. Roma: Laterza.
Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: J. Murray.
Romeo, A. (1989). Il Metalmezzadro: Gli Anni della Crisi e dello Sviluppo dell’Area Jonico Tarantina. Taranto: Lacaita.
Samuelson, Paul A. (1989). Ricardo was right! The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 47-62.
Schachter, G. (1965). The Italian South. New York: Random House.
Schachter, G., & Pilloton, F. (1984). Input-Output Italia: A Multiregional System (1959-72). Palermo: Gangemi.
Schubert, D. (2019) Cities and plans – the past defines the future, Planning Perspectives, 34:1, 3-23.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2018.1541758
Stehr, N. (2002). Wissen. In C. Engel (Ed.), Wissen Nichtwissen Unsicheres Wissen (17–34). Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Stufano Melone, M. R. & Rabino, G. (2014). The Creative Side of the Reflective Planner.Updating the Schön’s Findings. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/2550
Stufano Melone, M.R., Borgo, S., Camarda, D., & Borri, D. (2019). Heterogeneous knowledge for sustainable planning: Notes from ontology-based experimentations. In X. S. Yang, N. Dey & A. Joshi (Eds.), Third IEEE Conference on Smart Trends in Systems Security and Sustainablity (WorldS4), 43-47. London: Research Publishing Services.
https://doi.org/10.1109/WorldS4.2019.8903944
Stufano Melone, M. R., & Camarda, D. (2021). Reflections About Non-knowledge in Planning Processes. In International Conference on Innovation in Urban and Regional Planning (205-212). Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68824-0_22
Taleb, N.N. (2007). The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. New York: Random House Publishing Group.
Van Assche, K., & Verschraegen, G. (2008). The limits of planning: Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory and the analysis of planning and planning ambitions. Planning theory, 7(3), 263-283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095208094824
Von Mises, L. (1949). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics by Ludwig Von Mises. New Haven: Yale University Press.
von Schönfeld, K. C., Tan, W., Wiekens, C., Salet, W., & Janssen-Jansen, L. (2019). Social learning as an analytical lens for co-creative planning. European planning studies, 27 (7), 1291-1313. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1579303
Wang, R., Nellippallil, A. B., Wang, G., Yan, Y., Allen, J. K., & Mistree, F. (2019). Ontology-based uncertainty management approach in designing of robust decision workflows. Journal of Engineering Design, 30(10-12), 726-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2019.1668918
Woirol, G.R. (1996). The Technological Unemployment and Structural Unemployment Debates. London: Greenwood Press
Zimmermann, K. (2018). Local climate policies in Germany. Challenges of governance and knowledge. Cogent Social Sciences, 4 (1), 1482985. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1482985
Copyright (c) 2022 TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following:
1. Authors retain the rights to their work and give in to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution that allows others to share the work indicating the authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can adhere to other agreements of non-exclusive license for the distribution of the published version of the work (ex. To deposit it in an institutional repository or to publish it in a monography), provided to indicate that the document was first published in this journal.
3. Authors can distribute their work online (ex. In institutional repositories or in their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and it can increase the quotations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access)