Exploring the “15-minute city” and near working in Milan using mobile phone data
Abstract
This paper investigates the changes in neighbourhood attractiveness during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) compared to the year before in 2019 in the city of Milan. Central neighbourhoods recorded a drop in users from -63% to -47%, while the peripheral areas showed a relatively steady presence during the day. Indeed, remote working and the fear of public transport led to rethinking commuting and re-value working close to home. Semi-peripheral and peripheral neighbourhoods have gained a renewed role in attracting remote workers, and coworking spaces represent a valuable alternative for those willing to improve work-life balance through near working. Within this context, the paper aims to:(i) measure the presence of remote workers at the neighbourhood level; (ii) explore the accessibility to coworking spaces within 15 minutes of walking and cycling distance; (iii) focus on three peripheral neighbourhoods which show the lowest number of city users loss, do not host CSs, and present different levels of essential services and access to subway stations. The three cases are explored to understand whether they are considered feasible locations for hosting a neighbourhood coworking space. The change of the city users' presence in the Milan neighbourhoods in 2019-2020 is analysed using «TIM Big Data – Data Visual Insight», which includes the presence and mobility of the TIM mobile network’s users.
Downloads
References
Abdelfattah, L., Deponte, D. & Fossa, G. (2021). The 15-minute city as a hybrid model for Milan. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 71-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/8653
AGCOM (2022). Communication Markets Monitoring System, www.agcom.it.
Akhavan, M., & Mariotti, I. (2018). The effects of coworking spaces on local communities in the Italian context. Territorio, (87), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.3280/TR2018-087014
Balducci, A., Fedeli, V., & Curci, F. (2017). Milan beyond the metropolis. In A. Balducci, V. Fedeli, & F. Curci (Eds.), Post-metropolitan territories: Looking for a new urbanity (pp. 27–52). New York: Routledge.
Barbieri T., Basso G., & Scicchitano S. (2021). Italian Workers at Risk During the COVID‑19 Epidemic. Italian Economic Journal.
Batty, M. (2021). Science and Design in the age of COVID-19. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48 (1), 3–8. https://doi:10.1177/2399808321989131.
Batty, M., E. Besussi, K. Maat, & J. J. Harts (2004). Representing Multifunctional Cities: Density and Diversity in Space and Time. Built Environment 30 (4), 324–337. https://doi:10.2148/benv.30.4.324.57156.
Bocca, A. (2021). Public space and 15-minutes city. A conceptual exploration for the functional reconfiguration of the proximity city. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 14 (3), 395-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/8062
Capasso Da Silva, D.; King, D.A.; & Lemar, S. (2020). Accessibility in practice: 20-minute city as a sustainability planning goal. Sustainability, 12, 129.
Cirianni, F.M.M., Comi, A. & Luongo, A.S. (2022). A sustainable approach for planning of urban pedestrian routes and footpaths in a pandemic scenario. Evidence from Italian cities. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 15 (1), 125-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/8629
Deponte, D., Fossa, G. & Gorrini, A. (2020) Shaping space for ever-changing mobility. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 133-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6857
Di Marino M, Tomaz E., Henriques C. & Chavoshi S.H. (2022). The 15-minute city concept and new working spaces: a planning perspective from Oslo and Lisbon, European Planning Studies, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2022.2082837
Farr, D. (2007). Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design with Nature, John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Fenu, N. (2021). Bicycle and urban design. A lesson from Covid-19. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 14 (1), 69-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/7716
Florida R., Rodríguez-Pose A., & Storper M. (2021). Cities in a post-COVID world. Urban Studies, 1-23.
Gorrini, A., Messa, F., Ceccarelli, G. & Choubassi, R. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and activity patterns in Milan. Wi-Fi sensors and location-based data. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 14 (2), 211-226. https://doi.org/10.6093/1970-9870/7886
Italiancoworking (2021). Italian coworking survey 2021, I numeri del coworking in Italia, 30 gennaio 2021, https://www.italiancoworking.it/i-numeri-del-coworking-in-italia
Lo Russo M., & Mariotti I. (2022). L’impatto della pandemia Covid-19 sulla sostenibilità e resilienza degli spazi di coworking, in Montanari F., a cura di, Spazi collaborativi in azione. Creatività, innovazione e impatto sociale, Franco Angeli, Milano, in corso di pubblicazione.
Mainieri M., Saturno E., Selloni D. (2021). Coworking di prossimità: nuovi modelli per una città dei 15 minuti. Un percorso di co-design con i coworking milanesi, Milano Collabora, Comune di Milano, https://collaboriamo.org/media/ 2021/07/Coworking_a_Milano.pdf
Manfredini, F. & Di Rosa, C. (2018). Measuring Spatial Accessibility for Elderly. An Application to Subway Station in Milan. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 85-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/5800
Manzini Ceinar, I., & Mariotti, I. (2021). Teleworking in post-pandemic times: may local coworking spaces be the future trend? Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 15(1), 52-76.
Mariotti I., Di Vita S., & Akhavan M. (2021a), eds., New workplaces: Location patterns, urban effects and development trajectories. A worldwide investigation, Springer.
Mariotti, I., Di Marino, M., & Akhavan, M. (2021b). The emergence of coworking models in the face of pandemic. In J.R. Bryson, A. Lauren, L. Reardon, A. Ersoy, eds., Living with Pandemics: People, Place and Policy, Edward Elgar, 129-139.
Mariotti I., Manfredini F., & Giavarini V. (2021c). La geografia degli spazi di coworking a Milano. Una analisi territoriale, Milano Collabora, Comune di Milano, https://collaboriamo.org/media/2021/07/Coworking_a_Milano.pdf
Mariotti I., Di Marino M., & Bednar P. (2022a). The COVID-19 pandemic and Future of Working Spaces. Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003181163
Mariotti I., Di Matteo D., & Rossi F. (2022b). Who were the losers and winners during the COVID-19 pandemic? The rise of remote working in suburban areas. Regional Studies, Regional Science, forthcoming.
Mariotti I. (2021). Il lavoro a distanza svuota le città? In Bellandi M., Mariotti I., Nisticò R., eds, Città e periferie alla prova del Covid-19: dinamiche territoriali, nuovi bisogni, politiche, Donzelli Editore, Roma, pp.25-35.
Mariotti I., Pacchi C., & Di Vita S. (2017). Coworking Spaces in Milan: Location Patterns and Urban Effects, Journal of Urban Technology, 24 (3), 1-.21.
Moreno, C.; Allam, Z.; Chabaud, D.; Gall, C.; & Pratlong, F. (2021). Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities. Smart Cities, 4, 93–111. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006
Mouratidis, K. (2018). Is Compact City Livable? The Impact of Compact Versus Sprawled Neighbourhoods on Neighbourhood Satisfaction. Urban Studies 55 (11), 2408–2430 https://doi:10.1177/0042098017729109
Newman, P. Beatley, T., & Boyer, H. (2017). Resilient Cities: Overcoming Fossil Fuel Dependence, 2nd ed.; Island Press: Washington, DC, USA.
Osservatorio Smart Working (2021). Politecnico di Milano: https://www.osservatori.net/it/ricerche/osservatori-attivi/smart-working
Pais, I., Manzo, C., & Gerosa, A. (2021). La trasformazione dei coworking di Milano nell’emergenza pandemica. Le interviste ai coworking manager. Report, Comune di Milano, Milano Collabora, https://collaboriamo.org/media/2021/07/ Coworking_a_Milano_cattolica.pdf
Perry, C.A. (1929) “The Neighborhood Unit”, “Regional Plan of New York and its Environs”, vol. VII, New York.
Reid, C. (2020). Anne Hidalgo Reelected as Mayor of Paris Vowing to Remove Cars and Boost Bicycling and Walking. Available online: https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2020/06/28/anne-hidalgo-reelected-as-mayor-of-paris-vowing-to-remove-cars-and-boost-bicycling-and-walking/?sh=7aa9e961c852
Pinto, F., & Akhavan, M. (2022). Scenarios for a Post-Pandemic City: urban planning strategies and challenges of making “Milan 15-minutes city.” Transportation Research Procedia, 60 (2021), 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.trpro.2021.12.048
Smith, Mark K. (2011). ‘Neighborhoods and regeneration. Theory, practice, issues’, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education. [www.infed.org/community/neighborhoods_and_regeneration.htm].
Sostero, M., Milasi, S., Hurley, J., Fernandez-Marcias, E., & Bisello, M. (2020), Teleworkability and the COVID-19 crisis: a new digital divide? Seville, European Commission JRC and Eurofound.
Spinuzzi, C. (2012). Working Alone, Together: Coworking as Emergent Collaborative Activity. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 26(4), 399–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651912444070
Tajani C. (2021), Città prossime. Dal quartiere al mondo: Milano e le metropoli globali, Guerini e Associati editore.
Zecca, C., Gaglione F., Laing, R., & Gargiulo C., (2020) Pedestrian routes and accessibility to urban services. rhythmic analysis on people's behaviour before and during the Covid-19. Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment 13 (2), 241-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/7051
Weng, M.; Ding, N.; Li, J.; Jin, X.; Xiao, H.; He, Z.; & Su, S. (2019). The 15-minute walkable neighbourhoods: Measurement, social inequalities and implications for building healthy communities in urban China. Journal of Transport & Health, 13, 259–273.
Copyright (c) 2022 TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following:
1. Authors retain the rights to their work and give in to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution that allows others to share the work indicating the authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can adhere to other agreements of non-exclusive license for the distribution of the published version of the work (ex. To deposit it in an institutional repository or to publish it in a monography), provided to indicate that the document was first published in this journal.
3. Authors can distribute their work online (ex. In institutional repositories or in their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and it can increase the quotations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access)