Sustainable Mobility in Europe: the Role of Participation at the Neighbourhood Scale
Abstract
In the last decades, many projects of urban development, following the principles of sustainability, have been realized in Europe. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that sustainable strategies can have significant results if they are carried on at neighbourhood level. When adopting a SM strategy, a large number of stakeholders is affected by its impacts and many conflicts could easily arise. Therefore, participation plays a crucial role, firstly, because it is the most effective means to gain, deliver and sustain benefits deriving i.e. from SM interventions; secondly because some tendency for individuals is proved in adjusting their preferences to the average of the social group they belong to, thus sparking off a virtuous circle towards SM. Within this context, the present paper analyses a panel of 37 European neighbourhoods, which are considered best practices for sustainability, in order to evaluate their SM strategies, and specifically investigate the role played by participation and collective actions in enhancing and achieving SM.
To do so, specific SM strategies and related indicators have been identified, according to two previous papers written by the authors (Maltese et al., 2011; Bolchi et al., 2011), and an empirical investigation on the SM strategies is presented. In particular, the empirical analysis underlines the role played by participation in enhancing SM and the commonalities and differences among the neighbourhoods.
Downloads
References
Arentze T., Timmermans H. (2005) “Social networks and activity-travel choice: significance and prospects for micro-simulation'', presented at theWorkshop on Frontiers in Transportation: Social and Spatial Interactions, Amsterdam, available from: T. Arentze, Urban Planning Group, Eindhoven University of Technology
Barton H., Grant M., Guise R. (2010) Shaping Neighborhoods: For Local Health and Global Sustainability, Routledge, London.
Banister D. (2008) “The sustainable mobility paradigm”, Transport Policy, No. 15, pp 73-80.
Banister D., Dreborg K., Hedberg L., Hunhammar S., Steen P., Ǻkerman J. (2000) “Transport policy scenarios for the EU: 2020 images of the future”, Innovation, vol. 13, No. 1, pp 27-45
Simon Bell S., Morse S. (2004) “Experiences with sustainability indicators and stakeholder participation: a case study relating to a ‘blue plan’ project in Malta”, Sustainable Development, n.12, 1–14
Bolchi P., Diappi L., Maltese I., Mariotti I. (2011) Assessing sustainable mobility at neighbourhood level. cluster analysis and self organising maps (SOM) neural network, presented at XXXII AISRE Conference, Turin, September 15-18th
Brinkerhoff, D. and Goldsmith A. (2000) Macroeconomic Policy, Poverty Reduction Strategy and Participation (online: www.worldbank.org/participation/web/webfiles/ macrosynthesis.htm, accessed March 2005).
Cerreta M., Salzano I. (2009) ‘Green Urban Catalyst’: An Ex Post Evaluation of Sustainability Practices, Proceedings REAL CORP 2009 Tagungsband, 22-25 April.
Codoban N., Kennedy C.A. (2008) “Metabolism of neighbourhood”, Journal of urban planning and development, vol. 134, No. 1, pp 21-31.
Cohen M.J., (2010) “Destination unknown: Pursuing sustainable mobility in the face of rival societal aspirations”, Research Policy 39, 459–470.
Doi K., Kii M., Nakanishi H. (2008) “An integrated evaluation method of accessibility, quality of life, and social interaction”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, vol. 35, pp. 1098 - 1116
Euromobility (2008) La mobilità sostenibile in Italia: indagine sulle principali 50 città, www.euromobility.org
The European Commission (2007) Greenbook 2007 – Towards a new culture for urban mobility, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
The European Commission (2006) Communication From The Commission – Keep Europe moving -
Sustainable mobility for our continent. Mid-term review of the European Commission’s 2001 Transport White Paper,
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, B
Fusco Girard L., Forte B., Cerreta M., De Toro P., Forte F. (eds.) (2003) The Human Sustainable City, Challenges and Perspectives from the Habitat Agenda, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Geerlings H., Stead D., (2003) “The integration of land use planning, transport and environment in European policy and research”, Transport Policy, No. 10, pp 187-196.
Gilbert, R., Irwin, N, Hollingworth, B, and Blais, P. (2002) Sustainable transportation Performance Indicators (STPI) Project, Centre for Sustainable Transportation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Gilbert R., Tanguay H., (2000) Sustainable transportation performance indicators project. Brief review of some relevant worldwide activity and development of an initial long list of indicators, The Centre for Sustainable Transportation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Grimes-Casey H.G., Keoleian G.A., Willcox B.(2009) “Carbon emission targets for driving sustainable mobility with US light-duty vehicles”, Environmental Science & Technology, No. 43, pp 585–590.
Gudmundsson H. (2003) Sustainable mobility and indicator systems in transport policy, UNESCO, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Malden, MA.
Himanen V., Lee-Gosselin M., Perrels A. (2004) “Impacts of transport on sustainability: towards an integrated transatlantic evidence base”, Transport Reviews 24 (6), 691–705
Holden E. (2007) Achieving sustainable mobility: everyday and leisure-time travel in the EU, Ashgate, Aldershot
Hull A. (2008) “Policy integration: what will it take to achieve more sustainable transport solutions in cities?”, Transport Policy, No. 15, pp 94-103
Kleemeier E. (2000) “The Impact of Participation on Sustainability: An Analysis of the Malawi Rural Piped Scheme Program”, World Development Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 929±944
Litman T. A. (2003) “Measuring transportation. Traffic, mobility and accessibility”, ITE Journal, vol. 73, No. 10, pp 28-32.
Loukopoulos P., Scholz R.W. (2004) “Sustainable future urban mobility: using ‘area development negotiations’ for scenario assessment and participatory strategic planning”, Environment and Planning A, vol. 36, pp 2203-2226.
Mačiulis A., Vasiliauskas A.V., Jakubauskas G., (2009) “The impact of transport on the competitiveness of national economy”, Transport, vol. 24, No. 2, pp 93-99.
Maltese I., Mariotti I., Oppio A. (2011) “An ex-post assessment of sustainable mobility: the case of European neighbourhoods”, Territorio, forthcoming.
Makri F. (1999) Accessibility measures for analyses of land-use and traveling with geographical
information systems, Institution for Teknikoch Samhale, Lund University
Marshall S. (2000) “The potential contribution of land use policies towards sustainable mobility through activation of travel reduction mechanisms”, Innovation, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp 63-79
Nijkamp P., Oirschot G., Oosterman A. (1993) “Regional development and engeneering creativity: an instrumental comparison of science parks in a knowledge society”, Research memoranda, Free University, Amsterdam.
Rassafi A.A., Vaziri M. (2005) “Sustainable transport indicators: definition and integration”, International Journal of environment, science and technology, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp 83-96
Rodenburg C.A., Ubbels B., Nijkamp P. (2002) “Policy scenarios for achieving sustainable transportation in Europe”, Transport Reviews, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp 449-472
Rotmans J. (1998) “Methods for IA: The challenges and opportunities ahead”, Environmental Modelling and Assessment 3(3): 155–179.
Steg L., Gifford R. (2005) “Sustainable transportation and quality of life”, Journal of transport geography, No. 13, pp 59-69
Steg L, Tertoolen G. (1999) “Sustainable transport policy: the contribution from behavioral scientists”, Public Money and Management, pp 63 - 69
Vergragt P.J., Szejnwald Brown H. (2007) “Sustainable mobility: from technological innovation to societal learning”, Journal of Cleaner Production 15, pp. 1104-1115
Wheeler R. (2009) “Regions, megaregions, and sustainability”, Regional Studies, vol. 43, No. 6, pp 863-876
Wiegmans B.W., Beekman N., Boschker A., van Dam W., Nijhof N. (2003) “ICT and sustainable mobility”, Growth and change, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp 473-489
Yigitcanlar T., Dur F. (2010) “Developing a Sustainability Assessment Model: The Sustainable Infrastructure, Land-Use, Environment and Transport Model”, Sustainability, No. 2, pp 321-340
Zuindeau B. (2006) “Spatial approach to sustainable development: challenges of equity and efficacy”, Regional Studies, vol. 40, No. 5, pp 459-470
Copyright (c) 2014 Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following:
1. Authors retain the rights to their work and give in to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution that allows others to share the work indicating the authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors can adhere to other agreements of non-exclusive license for the distribution of the published version of the work (ex. To deposit it in an institutional repository or to publish it in a monography), provided to indicate that the document was first published in this journal.
3. Authors can distribute their work online (ex. In institutional repositories or in their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and it can increase the quotations of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access)