Soil de-sealing and participatory urban resilience actions: the “Green in Parma” case study
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Published:
Jul 5, 2023
Keywords:
Soil de-sealing, Urban resilience, Climate change, Participation, Public survey
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Abstract
In the last centuries, urban areas have been increasingly facing climate change-related thermal stresses and extreme events. Within this context, soil de-sealing might become a relevant part of urban adaptation processes, as well as an opportunity to activate citizens’ participation, in a bottom-up logic that virtuously integrates top-down interventions.
This paper reflects on the outcomes of the applied research experiences with Third Mission traits carried out within the project “Green in Parma”, with the purpose to investigate the role of soil de-sealing in participatory processes, and to face the impacts of climate change with a bottom-up logic. These experiences allowed to gain insight about the role of academic research in this context and to link it to the more traditional Italian top-down urban planning tools.
“Green in Parma” was promoted in 2021 by voluntary organizations, private companies, and the University of Parma. The initiative can be divided into a first dissemination module about the multifunctional benefits of green at urban scale, followed by a participatory and co-design module which aims at a bottom-up desealing intervention. Within this second module, several activities are taking place or are being planned.
This contribution presents the first phases of these applied experiences, as well as a discussion about the first results and some of the outcomes of the questionnaire proposed to the citizens of Parma on their perception of the local climate change effects.
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CeciM., De NoiaI., TedeschiG., CaselliB., & ZazziM. (2023). Soil de-sealing and participatory urban resilience actions: the “Green in Parma” case study. UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design, 7(2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.6093/2531-9906/10116
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References
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Stobbelaar, D.J., van der Knaap, W., Spijker, J. (2021) Greening the City: How to Get Rid of Garden Pavement! The ‘Steenbreek’ Program as a Dutch Example, Sustainability, 13, 3117. DOI: 10.3390/su13063117
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Adobati, F., & Garda, E. (2018). "Recuperare terra: Cinque contesti applicativi di politiche di de-sealing." Urbanistica Informazioni 278 s.i., 160–164.
Amenta, L., & Arena, A. (2020). Climate resilient cities. Introducing two complementary projects’ approaches to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape&environmental Design, 29-38 Pages. DOI: 10.6092/2531-9906/7036
Apreda, C. (2016). Climate change, urban vulnerability and adaptation strategies to pluvial flooding. UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape&environmental Design, 233 Pages. DOI: 10.6092/2531-9906/5040
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder Of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224.
Bianchi, C., & Salvati, P. (2021). Rapporto Periodico sul Rischio posto alla Popolazione italiana da Frane e Inondazioni. CNR IRPI. DOI: 10.30437/report2020
Burton, P., & Mustelin, J. (2013). Planning for Climate Change: Is Greater Public Participation the Key to Success? Urban Policy and Research, 31(4), 399–415. DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2013.778196
Centro Etica Ambientale. (2021). Presentazione del Progetto di Comunità Green in Parma—Orto Botanico dell’Università di Parma 29 ottobre 2021. CEA-Parma edizioni digitali 2021.
Conway, D., Nicholls, R. J., Brown, S., Tebboth, M. G. L., Adger, W. N., Ahmad, B., Biemans, H., Crick, F., Lutz, A. F., De Campos, R. S., Said, M., Singh, C., Zaroug, M. A. H., Ludi, E., New, M., & Wester, P. (2019). The need for bottom-up assessments of climate risks and adaptation in climate-sensitive regions. Nature Climate Change, 9(7), Articolo 7. DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0502-0
Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Collier, M. J., Kendal, D., Bulkeley, H., Dumitru, A., Walsh, C., Noble, K., van Wyk, E., Ordóñez, C., Oke, C., & Pintér, L. (2019). “Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Climate Change Adaptation: Linking Science, Policy, and Practice Communities for Evidence-Based Decision-Making.” in BioScience, 69(6), 455–466. DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz042
Gerundo, C. (2018). “L’adattamento delle città ai cambiamenti climatici.” in SHARE Libri. FedOA - Federico II University Press. DOI: 10.6093/978-88-6887-031-7
Girard, C., Pulido-Velazquez, M., Rinaudo, J.-D., Pagé, C., & Caballero, Y. (2015). Integrating top–down and bottom–up approaches to design global change adaptation at the river basin scale. Global Environmental Change, 34, 132–146. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.07.002
Greco, J. (2012). Small, nimble projects are adding value to public spaces.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Fasc. 6). https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2
Istat. (2022). I cambiamenti climatici: Misure statistiche | anno 2020.
Jobstmann, H., Prokop, G., & Schönbauer, A. (2011). Report on best practices for limiting soil sealing and mitigating its effects. Publication office of the European Union. DOI: 10.2779/15146
Lafortezza, R., & Sanesi, G. (2019). "Nature-based solutions: Settling the issue of sustainable urbanization." in Environmental Research, 172, 394–398. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.063
Lepore, W., Hall, B. L., & Tandon, R. (2021). "The Knowledge for Change Consortium: A decolonising approach to international collaboration in capacity-building in community-based participatory research." in Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d’études du développement, 42(3), 347–370. DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2020.1838887
Meyer, M. A., Hendricks, M., Newman, G. D., Masterson, J. H., Cooper, J. T., Sansom, G., Gharaibeh, N., Horney, J., Berke, P., van Zandt, S., & Cousins, T. (2018). Participatory action research: Tools for disaster resilience education. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 9(4/5), 402–419. DOI: 10.1108/IJDRBE-02-2017-0015
Munafò, M. (2022). Consumo di suolo, dinamiche territoriali e servizi ecosistemici. (Report SNPA Fasc. 32/22).
Perini, K., & Sabbion, P. (2016). Urban Sustainability and River Restoration: Green and Blue Infrastructure. John Wiley & Sons.
Regione Emilia-Romagna. (2016) PartecipAzioni: Sostantivo, plurale. Guida metodologica per la gestione di processi di partecipazione integrati (Fasc. 1/16; Quaderni della partecipazione). https://partecipazione.regione.emilia-romagna.it/tutte-lepubblicazioni/pubblicazioni/partecipazioni_sostantivo_plurale
Salata, K. D., & Yiannakou, A. (2016). Green Infrastructure and climate change adaptation. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 9(1), 7–24. DOI: 10.6092/1970-9870/3723
Schröter, B., Gottwald, S., Castro-Arce, K., Hartkopf, E., Aguilar-González, B., & Albert, C. (2023). Virtual participatory mapping of nature-based solutions in the Grande de Tárcoles River basin, Costa Rica: Connecting diverse knowledge systems in a context of physical immobility. Science of The Total Environment, 872, 162195. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162195
Science for Environment Policy (2016). No net land take by 2050? Future Brief 14. Produced for the European Commission DG Environment by the Science Communication Unit, UWE, Bristol. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/science-environment-policy.
Stobbelaar, D.J., van der Knaap, W., Spijker, J. (2021) Greening the City: How to Get Rid of Garden Pavement! The ‘Steenbreek’ Program as a Dutch Example, Sustainability, 13, 3117. DOI: 10.3390/su13063117
Taylor, A. L., Dessai, S., & Bruine de Bruin, W. (2014). Public perception of climate risk and adaptation in the UK: A review of the literature. Climate Risk Management, 4–5, 1–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2014.09.001
Tobias, S., Conen, F., Duss, A., Wenzel, L. M., Buser, C., & Alewell, C. (2018). Soil sealing and unsealing: State of the art and examples. Land Degradation & Development, 29(6), 2015–2024. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2919
Uittenbroek, C. J., Mees, H. L. P., Hegger, D. L. T., & Driessen, P. P. J. (2019). The design of public participation: Who participates, when and how? Insights in climate adaptation planning from the Netherlands. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 62(14), 2529–2547. DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2019.1569503