Vulnerability and risks related to climatic events in urban coastal environments: Overview of actuality and challenges of methodologies and approaches
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Dec 26, 2016
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Abstract
International-renowned forecasting of urban development in coastal environments indicates an increased exposure to the risks of climatic events by way of natural hazards. This indication indirectly exacerbates the vulnerability of relating coastal communities. Using this viewpoint, a decade long study between 2000-2010 conceptualises a considerable volume of research in the area of vulnerability to urban environmental change due to disasters in relation to climatic events. In particular, several studies have attempted to present a discourse on the vulnerability of social ecological systems to hazards or risk occurrence within urban coastal environments in order to improve understanding and support for the assessment of impacts and risks related to such change and, by definition, its associating adaptive measures. This overview takes into account disparate opinions, approaches and methodologies applied by different scientific viewpoints and research studies, and highlights salient and vantage aspects. The research is organised in three key methodological sections: (1) urban coastal vulnerability and risk assessment; (2) vulnerability assessment of urban coastal ecosystems; and (3) ecosystem-based approaches for urban coastal risk assessment. Vulnerability and risk assessment are anchored via exposure, susceptibility and resilience, and are must-do activities when addressing a system.
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CirellaG., IyalomheF., & RussoA. (2016). Vulnerability and risks related to climatic events in urban coastal environments: Overview of actuality and challenges of methodologies and approaches. UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design, 1(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.6093/2531-9906/5033
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References
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McFadden, L., Spencer, T., & Nicholls, R.J. (2007). Broad-Scale Modeling of Coastal Wetland: What is required? Journal of Lagoon and Coastal Wetland Hydrobiologia, 577, 5-15.
Mendoza, E.T., & Jiménez, J.A. (2008). Regional vulnerability analysis to storm impacts in the Catalan coast. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Maritime Engineering, 162(3), 127-135.
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Natesan, U., & Parthasarathy, A. (2010). The potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise along the Coastal Zone of Kanyakumari District in Tamilnadu, India. J Coast Conserv, 14, 207-214.
O’Brien, K.L., Leichenko, R., Kelkarc, U., Venemad, H., Aandahl, G.,Tompkins, H., Javed, A., Bhadwal, S., Barg, S., Nygaard, L., & West, J. (2004). Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and globalization in India. Global Environmental Change, 14, 303-313.
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Richards, J.A., Mokrech, M., Berry, P.M., & Nicholls, R.J. (2008). Regional assessment of climate change impacts on coastal and fluvial ecosystems and the scope for adaptation. Climatic Change, 90, 141-167.
Romieu, E., Welle, T., Schneiderbauer, S., Pelling, M., & Vinchon, C. (2010). Vulnerability assessment within climate change and natural hazard contexts: Revealing gaps and synergies through coastal application. Sustain Sci, 5, 159-170.
Schroter, D., Polsky, C., & Patt, A.G. (2005). Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change: An eight step approach. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 10, 573-596.
Sharples, C., Attwater, C., & Carley, J. (2008). Three Pass Approach to Coastal Risk Assessment. Technical Paper: Institute of Public Work Engineering, Australia.
Szlafsztein, C., & Sterr, H. (2007). A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of coastal natural hazards, State of Para, Brazil. Journal of Coast Conserv, 11, 53-66.
Torresan S., Critto A., Dalla Valle, M., Harvey, N., & Marcomini, A. (2008). Assessing coastal vulnerability to climate change: Comparing segmentation at global and regional scales. Sustainability Science, 3(1), 45-65.
Turner, B.L., Kasperson, R.E., Matson, P.A., McCarthy, J.J., Corell, R.W., Christensen, L., Eckley, N., Kasperson, J.X., Luers, A., Martello, M.L., & Polsky, C. (2003). A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(14), 8074-8079.
UNEP. (2010). Linking Ecosystems to Risk and Vulnerability Reduction. The Case of Jamaica. Result of Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Methodology Development Project (RiVAMP). Geneva: UNEP.
Abuodha, P.O., & Wooddroffe, C.D. (2010). Assessing vulnerability to sea level rise using a coastal sensitivity index: A case study from Southeast Australia. Journal of Coast Conserv, 14, 189-205.
Adger, W.N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16,(3), 268-281.
Anfuso, G., & Martinez Del Poz, A.J. (2009). Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability through the use of GIS tools in South Sicily (Italy). Environmental Management, 43, 533-545.
Bosom, E., & Jiménez, J.A. (2011). Probabilistic coastal vulnerability assessment to storms at regional scale- application to Catalan beaches (NW Mediterranean). Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, 11, 475-484.
Brooks, N. (2003). Vulnerability, risk and adaptation: A conceptual framework. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Working Paper, 38, 1-16.
Bryan, B.A, Harvey, N., Belperio, T., & Bourman, B. (2001). Comparing geological mapping and distributed process modeling for regional assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise. Environmental Modelling and Assessment, 6(1), 57-66.
Cardona, O.D. (2003). The Need for Rethinking the Concepts of Vulnerability and Risk from a Holistic Perspective: A Necessary Review and Criticism for Effective Risk Management. In G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, & D. Hilhorst (eds.), Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People (pp. 37-51). London: Earthscan.
Dolan, H., & Walker, I. (2004). Understanding vulnerability of coastal communities to climate change related risks. Journal of Coastal Research, SI39, 1317-1324.
Downing, T.E., Butterfield, R., Cohen, S., Huq, S., Moss, R., Rahman, A., Sokona, Y. & Stephen, L. (2001). Vulnerability indices, climate change impacts and adaptation. Nairobi: UNEP Division of Policy Development and Law.
Downing, T.E., & Patwardhan, A. (2003). Vulnerability Assessment for Climate Adaptation: APF Technical Paper 3. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
Dwarakish, G.S., Vinay, S.A., Natesan, U., Asano, T., Kakinuma, T., Venkataramana, K., Jagadeesha Pai, B., & Babita, M. K. (2009). Coastal vulnerability assessment of the future sea level rise in Udupi coastal zone of Karnataka state, west coast of India. Ocean & Coastal Management, 52, 467-478.
Füssel, H.M., & Klein, R.J.T. (2002). Assessing Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: An Evolution of Conceptual thinking. Proceedings of the UNDP Expert Group Meeting on Integrating Disaster Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Change. Havana, Cuba, June 17-19 2002.
Füssel, H.M. (2006). Vulnerability in climate change research: A comprehensive conceptual framework- working paper on International and area studies. Berkley, USA: Stanford University.
Füssel, H.M. (2004). Coevolution of the Political and Conceptual Frameworks for Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments. In F. Biermann, S. Campe, & K. Jacob (eds.), Proceedings of the 2002 Berlin Conference on the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change “Knowledge for the Sustainability Transition. The Challenge for Social Science” (pp. 302-320). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Global Governance Project.
Gravelle, G., & Mimura, N. (2008). Vulnerability Assessment of Sea level Rise in Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Journal of Sustain Sci, 3, 171-180.
Harvey, N., Belperio, T., Bourman, B., & Bryan, B.A. (1999). A GIS-based approach to regional coastal vulnerability assessment using Holocene geological mapping of the Northern Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Asia-Pacific Journal on Environment and Development, 6(2), 1-25.
Harris, E.L., Ruggiero, P., & Allan, J.C. (2010). An integrated approach for evaluating coastal vulnerability in a changing climate change. Proceedings of the Coastal Society’s 22nd International Conference. Wilmington, North Carolina, USA, June 13-16, 2010.
Ionescu, C., Klein, R.J.T., Hinkel, J., Kumar Kavi, K.S., & Klein, R. (2009). Towards a Formal Framework of Vulnerability to Climate Change. Environ Model Assess, 14, 1-16.
Jamrah, A., AI-Futaisi, A., Rajmohan, N., & AI-Yaroubi, S. (2008). Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the coastal region of Oman using DRASTIC index method in GIS environment. Environ Monit Assess, 147, 125-138.
Kaiser, G. (2007). Coastal Vulnerability to Climate Change and Natural Hazards. In Forum DKKV/CEDIM: Disaster Reduction in Climate Change (Vol. 15, pp. 16). Karlsruhe, Germany: Karlstuhe University.
Kelly, P.M., & Adger, W.N. (2000). Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climatic Change, 47, 325-352.
Kumpulainen, S. (2006). Vulnerability concepts in hazard and risk assessment. In P. Schmidt-Thomé (ed.), Natural and Technological Hazards and Risks Affecting the Spatial Development of European Regions (Special Paper 42, pp. 65-74). Helsinki: Geological Survey of Finland.
Luers, A.L., Lobell, D.B., Sklar, L.S., Addams, C.L., & Matson, P.A. (2003). A method for quantifying vulnerability, applied to the agricultural system of the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Global Environmental Change, 13, 255-267.
McFadden, L., Spencer, T., & Nicholls, R.J. (2007). Broad-Scale Modeling of Coastal Wetland: What is required? Journal of Lagoon and Coastal Wetland Hydrobiologia, 577, 5-15.
Mendoza, E.T., & Jiménez, J.A. (2008). Regional vulnerability analysis to storm impacts in the Catalan coast. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Maritime Engineering, 162(3), 127-135.
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment. (2008). Coastal Hazards and Climate Change. A Guidance Manual for Local Government in New Zealand: 2nd edition. Revised by Ramsay, D., & Bell, R. (NIWA). Auckland: New Zealand Ministry for the Environment.
Mokrech, M., Hanson, S., Nicholls, R.J., Wolf, J., Walkden, M., Fontaine, C.M., Nicholson-Cole, S., Jude, S. R., Leake, J., Stansby, P., Watkinson, A.R., Rounsevell, M.D.A., & Lowe, J.A. (2009). The Tyndall Coastal Simulator. J Coast Conserv, 15(3), 325-335.
Natesan, U., & Parthasarathy, A. (2010). The potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise along the Coastal Zone of Kanyakumari District in Tamilnadu, India. J Coast Conserv, 14, 207-214.
O’Brien, K.L., Leichenko, R., Kelkarc, U., Venemad, H., Aandahl, G.,Tompkins, H., Javed, A., Bhadwal, S., Barg, S., Nygaard, L., & West, J. (2004). Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and globalization in India. Global Environmental Change, 14, 303-313.
Ozyurt, G., & Ergin, A. (2009). Application of Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment Model to Selected Coastal Area of Turkey. Journal of Coastal Research, SI56, 248-251.
Richards, J.A., Mokrech, M., Berry, P.M., & Nicholls, R.J. (2008). Regional assessment of climate change impacts on coastal and fluvial ecosystems and the scope for adaptation. Climatic Change, 90, 141-167.
Romieu, E., Welle, T., Schneiderbauer, S., Pelling, M., & Vinchon, C. (2010). Vulnerability assessment within climate change and natural hazard contexts: Revealing gaps and synergies through coastal application. Sustain Sci, 5, 159-170.
Schroter, D., Polsky, C., & Patt, A.G. (2005). Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change: An eight step approach. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 10, 573-596.
Sharples, C., Attwater, C., & Carley, J. (2008). Three Pass Approach to Coastal Risk Assessment. Technical Paper: Institute of Public Work Engineering, Australia.
Szlafsztein, C., & Sterr, H. (2007). A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of coastal natural hazards, State of Para, Brazil. Journal of Coast Conserv, 11, 53-66.
Torresan S., Critto A., Dalla Valle, M., Harvey, N., & Marcomini, A. (2008). Assessing coastal vulnerability to climate change: Comparing segmentation at global and regional scales. Sustainability Science, 3(1), 45-65.
Turner, B.L., Kasperson, R.E., Matson, P.A., McCarthy, J.J., Corell, R.W., Christensen, L., Eckley, N., Kasperson, J.X., Luers, A., Martello, M.L., & Polsky, C. (2003). A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(14), 8074-8079.
UNEP. (2010). Linking Ecosystems to Risk and Vulnerability Reduction. The Case of Jamaica. Result of Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Methodology Development Project (RiVAMP). Geneva: UNEP.