Expansion of the Prophet Mosque as a Catalyst for Sustainable Urban Development in Al-Madinah Almunawarah in Saudi Arabia
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Published:
Apr 29, 2017
Keywords:
Prophet Mosque Expansion, Sustainable Urban Development, Smart Green City, Green Space Network, Al-Madinah Almunawarah
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Abstract
Cities and towns have recently undergone significant transformation, from small forms with identifiable centers and the roles of bearing history and culture into sprawling, amorphous urban areas that have lost their cultural and social identities and functions. The city is defined less by its physical boundaries given the development of suburbia and vast areas with detached buildings. Al-Madinah Almunawarah has undergone major urban transformation due to the expansion of the Prophet's Mosque. It needs an urgent development plan to achieve a sustainable smart green city approach. It is expected that many houses will be razed and replaced with entities with different functions through expansion. This will change the city’s urban form, including its network of architectural shapes and spaces. Hence, it is imperative that these changes reflect the character of the holy city and can add positively to the local way of living.
This paper’s main goal is to develop an integrated coinage for the open space network in Al-Madinah Almunawarah and link it to the future expansion of the Prophet's Mosque. Moreover, the research aim to develop a comprehensive framework for the smart green city approach to be applied and examined on other cities.
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NassarU. (2017). Expansion of the Prophet Mosque as a Catalyst for Sustainable Urban Development in Al-Madinah Almunawarah in Saudi Arabia. UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design, 2(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.6093/2531-9906/5142
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Azizi, M. S. (2011). Risks associated in implementation of green buildings. Auckland, New Zealand: Department of Civil Environmental Engineering.
Bollier, D. (1998). How smart growth can stop sprawl (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Essential Books.
Caldwell, R. (2002). Portland, a city of ‘smart growth.’ The Masthead, 54(2), 29.
Caragliu, A., Bo, C. D., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Smart cities in Europe. 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science – CERS, 2009. Košice, SK, October 7–9, 2009.
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T. A., Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding smart cities. An integrative framework. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Maui, HI, 2289-2297. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6149291/
Cisco, (2005). Dubai: The smart city. Retrieved from http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le21/le34/downloads/689/nobel/2005/docs/Abdulhakim_Malik.pdf
Congress for the New Urbanism. (2002). Charter of the new urbanism. Retrieved from http://www.cnu.org/charter.
Dameri, R. P. (2013). Searching for smart city definition: A comprehensive proposal. International Journal of Computers & Technology, 11(5), 2544–2551.
Dameri, R. P., & Rosenthal-Sabroux, C. (2014). Smart city and value creation. In R. P. Dameri & C. Rosenthal-Sabroux (Eds.), Smart city. How to create public and economic value with high technology in urban space (pp. 1–12). Cham, CH: Springer International Publishing.
Day, K. (2003). New urbanism and the challenges of designing for diversity. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23(1), 83–95.
Edelstam, M. (2016). Report on local innovation ecosystems for smart cities, DRAFT 4.0. Retrieved from https://eu-smartcities.eu/sites/all/files/LIE.pdf
Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Meijers, E., Kalasek, R., & Pichler-Milanović, N. (2007). Smart cities. Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Retrieved from http://www.smartcityranking.eu/download/city_ranking_final.pdf
Girardet, H. (1995). The Gaia atlas of cities – New directions for sustainable urban living. London, GB: Gaia Books.
Hajer, M. (2011). The energetic society: In search of a governance philosophy for a clean economy. Retrieved from http://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/cms/publicaties/Energetic_society_WEB.pdf
Häkkinen, T., & Belloni, K. (2011). Barriers and drivers for sustainable building. Building Research & Information, 39(3), 239–255.
Haque, U. (2012, April 17). Surely there's a smarter approach to smart cities? Wired. Retrieved from http://www.wired.co.uk/article/potential-of-smarter-cities-beyond-ibm-and-cisco
IBM. (2009). Smarter cities: New York. Retrieved from http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/smarter_cities/article/newyork2009.html
Inukai-Cuffee, S. (2011). Electric vehicle infrastructure drives Portland's economy and environment. Retrieved from http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2011/05/electric_vehicle_infrastructur.html
Kotkin, J. (2009, December 3). The world's smartest cities. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/2009/12/03/infrastructure-economy-urbanopinionscolumnists-smart-cities-09-joel-kotkin.html
Kunzig, R. (2011, December 21). The city solution. National Geographic. 124–147.
Luque-Ayala, A., & Marvin, S. (2015). Developing a critical understanding of smart urbanism? Urban Studies, 52(12), 2105–2116.
Manville, C., Cochrane, G., Cave, J., Millard, J., Pederson, J. K., Thaarup, R. K., . . . Kotterink, B. (2014). Mapping smart cities in the EU. Brussels, BE: European Parliament.
Ministry for the Environment. (2005). The value of urban design: The economic, environmental and social benefits of urban design. Wellington, NZ: Author.
MMM Group, & Moriyama & Teshima Planners. (2013). Comprehensive plan: Al-Madinah Almunawarah (Vol. 1).
Mostafa, S. (1990). Urban development and architectural heritage. Arab Renaissance House for Publishing.
Nassar, U. (2013). Principles of green urbanism: The absent value in Cairo, Egypt. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 3(4), 339–343.
Philips Publications. (2010). Livable cities – Health and well-being in the urban environment. Amsterdam, the NL: Philips Professional and Public Affairs.
Pike, L., & Huang, C. (2016). Guiding green and smart urban development in China, meeting the mind. Retrieved from http://cityminded.org/guiding-green-and-smart-urban-development-in-china-14830#
Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Trousse, B., Nilsson, M., & Oliveira, A. (2011). Smart cities and the future internet: Towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation. Future Internet Assembly, 431-446.
Siemens. (2004). Stadt der Zukunft. Retrieved from. http://www.siemens.com/innovation/de/publikationen/zeitschriften_pictures_of_the_future/PoF_Fruehjahr_2004/SmartCity.html
Sustainable Community Development. (2006). Royal Roads University. Retrieved from http://crcresearch.org/case-studies/case-studies-sustainable-infrastructure/land-use-planning/what-makes-a-city-liveable, 7/13/2013.
Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart cities - Big data, civic hackers and the quest for a New Utopia. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Vogl, A. (2012). Smart concepts for greener cities. In M. Lindfield and F. Steinberg (Eds.), Green cities (pp. 373–405). Manila, PH: Asian Development Bank.
Winston, N. (2010). Regeneration for sustainable communities? Barriers to implementing sustainable housing in urban areas. Sustainable Development, 18(6), 319–330.