Lessons From An Emerging Economy, An Analysis Of Sunlight Use In Chilean Public Housing
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Published:
Jul 28, 2017
Keywords:
Sunlight, Health, Chile, Public Housing, Development
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Abstract
Given the importance of sunlight on human health and how the built environment influences human interaction with sunlight, how can the design profession incorporate sunlight more robustly into public housing design projects? I try to answer this question by looking at the last thirty years of the Chilean public housing development. My methodological approach was divided into two parts. The first part focused in unraveling the historical precedents that led to the current public housing typology, so prevalent in Chilean public housing projects today. The second part consisted of fieldwork done along the length of the Chilean geography. Chile spans a North to South length of 4,270 km (2,653 mi) and has an average sunshine variation that more then doubles between the Northern most city of Arica compared to the Southern most city of Punta Arenas. Preliminary data from these two research approaches, reveal what steps can be taken in order to increase the relevance of sunlight in public housing design. On an urban scale, careful consideration of grid layout, location of green areas, sidewalks and transportation. On the housing scale, window location as it relates to issues of privacy, safety and accessibility, need careful consideration.
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Beattie-VallespirN. (2017). Lessons From An Emerging Economy, An Analysis Of Sunlight Use In Chilean Public Housing. UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design, 2(2), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.6093/2531-9906/5257
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Plummer, H. (2009). The architecture of natural light. New York , US: The Monacelli Press
Plummer, H., & Le, C. (2013). Cosmos of light : the sacred architecture of Le Corbusier: Bloomington, US: Indiana University Press.
Reichrath, J. (2008). Sunlight, vitamin D and skin cancer. New York,US: Springer Science+Business Media.
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(OPIC), T. O. P. I. C. (2011). Low-Income Housing in South Africa. From http://www.opic.gov/blog/opic-in-action/low-income-housing-in-south-africa-photos
(WHO), W. H. O. (2014). Urban Population Growth From http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/
Banham, R. (1960). Theory and design in the first machine age. Cambridge, US: MIT Press.
Bose, S., Breysse, P. N., McCormack, M. C., ... & Center for Childhood Asthma in the Urban, E. (2013). Outdoor exposure and vitamin D levels in urban children with asthma. Nutrition journal, 12, 81-2891-2812-2881.
Dissanayake, E. (1995). Homo aestheticus : where art comes from and why. Seattle, US: University of Washington Press.
Easterly, W. R. (2006). The white man's burden : why the West's efforts to aid the rest have done so much ill and so little good. New York, US: Penguin Press.
Engels, F. (1926). The condition of the working-class in England in 1844, with preface written in 1892. London, UK: G. Allen & Unwin, Ltd.
Forray, R. F. M., & Camila Sepulveda (2011). Unidad Vecinal Portales. Arquitectura, identidad y patrimonio, 1955-2010: Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo (MINVU).
Foucault, M. (1973). The birth of the clinic; an archaeology of medical perception. New York, US: Pantheon Books.
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish : the birth of the prison. New York, US: Vintage Books.
Fung, E. (2016). China Housing Revival Buffers Economy. From http://www.wsj.com/articles/china-housing-revival-buffers-economy-1463288631
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures : selected essays. New York, US: Basic Books.
Giedion, S. (1948). Mechanization takes command, a contribution to anonymous history. New York, US: Oxford Univ. Press.
Government, S. A. (2016). Housing. From http://www.gov.za/about-SA/housing
Hall, P. G. (1980). Great planning disasters. Berkeley, US: University of California Press.
Hall, P. G. (1988). Cities of tomorrow : an intellectual history of urban planning and design in the twentieth century. New York, US: Blackwell.
Hobday, R. (1999). The healing sun. Tallahassee, US.: Findhorn Press.
Holick, M. (2010). The Vitamin D Deficiency Pandemic: a Forgotten Hormone Important for Health. Public health reviews, 32(1), 267-283.
Hosey, L. (2012). The shape of green : aesthetics, ecology, and design. Washington DC, US: Island Press.
Judd, J. (2013). Rickets in the 21st century: A review of the consequences of low vitamin D and its management. International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing, 17(4), 199-208.
Kahn, L. I., & Johnson, N. E. (1975). Light is the theme : Louis I. Kahn and the Kimbell Art Museum : comments on architecture. Fort Worth, US: Kimbell Art Museum; Distributed by Yale University Press.
Klepeis, N. E., Nelson, W. C., Ott, W. R., Robinson, J. P., Tsang, A. M., Switzer, P., ... & Engelmann, W. H. (2001). The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal od Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 11, 231 - 252.
Eyck, A. V., Lefaivre, L., & Fuchs, R. (2002). Aldo van Eyck : the playgrounds and the city. Amsterdam, NL: Stedelijk Museum.
Lejeune, J. F. (2005). Cruelty and Utopia: cities and landscapes of Latin America. New York,US: Princeton Architectural Press.
Lobell, J., & Kahn, L. I. (2008). Between silence and light : spirit in the architecture of Louis I. Kahn. Boston, US: Shambhala Pubns.
McGuirk, J. (2014). Radical cities : across Latin America in search of a new architecture. New York, US: Verso.
Meyer, E.K. (1997). The Expanded Field of Landscape Architecture. In G. F. Thompson & F. R. Steiner, (eds.), Ecological Design and Planning (pp.45–79). New York, US: John Wiley & Sons
Mumford, L. (1944). The condition of man. New York, US: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
Mumford, L. (1963). Technics and civilization. New York, US: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Nicholas Roy, V. G. (2013). Circadian House - Principles and guidelines for healthy homes. VELUX (http://thedaylightsite.com/circadian-house-principles-and-guidelines-for-healthy-homes/).
Ning, Z., Song, S., Miao, L., Zhang, P., Wang, X., Liu, J., ... & Wang, Q. (2016). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban health checkup population. Clinical Nutrition, 35(4), 859-863.
Overy, P. (2007). Light, air & openness : modern architecture between the wars. London, UK: Thames & Hudson.
Paul Meurs, M.-T. v. T. (2011). Zonnestraal Sanatorium. The history and restoration of a modern monument. Rotterdam, NL: nai010 publishers.
Plummer, H. (2009). The architecture of natural light. New York , US: The Monacelli Press
Plummer, H., & Le, C. (2013). Cosmos of light : the sacred architecture of Le Corbusier: Bloomington, US: Indiana University Press.
Reichrath, J. (2008). Sunlight, vitamin D and skin cancer. New York,US: Springer Science+Business Media.
Smolensky, M. H. (2015). Nocturnal light pollution and underexposure to daytime sunlight: Complementary mechanisms of circadian disruption and related diseases. Chronobiology International - The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research, 32(8), 1029 - 1048.
Tuomi, T., Paatero, K., Rauske, E., Aalto, A., Suomen, R. M., & Taidehalli. (1998). Alvar Aalto in seven buildings : interpretations of an architect's work = Alvar Aalto in sieben Bauwerken : Interpretationen des Lebenswerks eines Architekten. Helsinki, FI: Museum of Finnish Architecture.
VELUX, G. (2016). Health, from http://www.velux.com/health
Xinhua, C. c. c. (2016). China Overfulfills Affordable Housing Target, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-01/10/content_23008750.htm
Youqin, H. (2013). China's Urban Dream Denied, from http://thediplomat.com/2013/05/chinas-urban-dream-denied/