The sustainability of the urban system from a hydrological point of view: a practice planning proposal
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Published:
Dec 15, 2017
Keywords:
Water regulation ecosystem services, Resilience, Green Infrastructure, Performance-based planning, SWMM model
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Abstract
Environmental protection issues are often considered as a toll to be paid and not as a proactive development engine in urban planning. The issue of green areas needs to be re-interpreted as a real infrastructure, which is able to provide tangible benefits to the health and safety of citizens. These aspects represent fundamental issues of the applied research, which should explore methods and techniques able to provide the ecological concerns with the ability to operate efficiently. This paper aims to provide an answer to these questions focusing the attention on the greenery in the city and on one of its most important ecosystem services, which is mitigation of flooding events. The experimentation was carried out in an urban area, verifying, in quantitative terms, the role of the green, engineered with some SUDS, to mitigate the hydrological alteration that the urban development involves. Finally, two proposals have been presented to move from traditional planning based on normative standards to a more flexible, site-specific performance-based planning.
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GobattoniF., PelorossoR., PiccinniA., & LeoneA. (2017). The sustainability of the urban system from a hydrological point of view: a practice planning proposal. UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design, 2(3), 101-122. https://doi.org/10.6093/2531-9906/5411
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Wong, T. H. F. and R. R. Brown. 2009. The Water Sensitive City: Principles for Practice. Water Science and Technology 60, 673-82.
Zhou, O. (2014). A Review of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Considering the Climate Change and Urbanization lmpacts. Water, 6(4), 976-992.
Akbari H., S. Menon (2009). Global Cooling: Increasing World-wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2. Climatic Change, 94, 275-286
Barbosa A.E., Fernandes J.N., David L.M. (2012). Key issues for sustainable urban storm water management. Water Research, 46 (20), 6787-6798 doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.029.
Blecic I., Cecchini A. (2016), Verso una pianificazione antifragile. Come pensare al futuro senza prevederlo. Collana Studi urbani e regionali, Franco Angeli, 198, ISBN: 9788891727756.
Chung-Ming L., Jui-Wen C., Ying-Shih H., Ming-Lone L., Ting-Hao C. (2015), Build Sponge Eco-cities to Adapt Hydroclimatic Hazards, pp 1997-2009 in: Walter Leal Filho (ed.), Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, ISBN: 978-3-642-38669-5 (Print) 978-3-642-38670-1 (Online).
CIRIA, (Woods-Ballard B. Kellagher R. Jefferies C. Bray R. Shaffer P.) (2007). The SUDS Manual C753. 1st ed. [ebook] London: Ciria.
Dahlenburg J. and Birtles P. (2012). All roads lead to WSUD: exploring the biodiversity, human health and social benefits of WSUD. 7th International Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design, February 2012, Melbourne, Australia.
Ellis J.B. & Revitt D.M. (2008). Quantifying Diffuse Pollution Sources and Loads For Environmental Quality Standards in Urban Catchments. Water Air Soil Pollution: Focus, 8, 577-585.
European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000). Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy, 2000/60/EC.
Fioretti R., Palla A., Lanza L.G., Principi P. (2010). Green roof energy and water related performance in the Mediterranean climate. Building and Environment, 45, 1890-1904
Frew, Travis, Douglas Baker, and Paul Donehue. 2016. Performance Based Planning in Queensland: A Case of Unintended Plan-Making Outcomes. Land Use Policy 50, 239–51.
Gerundo R., Fasolino I., Grimaldi M., Siniscalco A. (2010). L’indice di sostenibilità. Urbanistica Informazioni, 233/234, 1214
Leone A. (2011). Ambiente e pianificazione. Analisi, processi, sostenibilità. Franco Angeli Ed.
Leone A. (2014), Planificación, fisica de la complejidad, entropía. Cerrar la brecha entre los principios teoricos y la praxis, Plurimondi, VII, 15, 2014, 141-167.
Leone A., Ripa M.N., Boccia L., Lo Porto A. (2008). Phosphorus export from agricultural land: a simple approach. Biosystems Engineering, 101, 270-280.
Mitchell G. (2005). Mapping hazard from urban non-point pollution: a screening model to support sustainable urban drainage planning. Journal of Environmental Management, 74, 1-9.
Pelorosso, Raffaele, Federica Gobattoni, Nicola Lopez, and Antonio Leone. 2013. Verde Urbano E Processi Ambientali: Per Una Progettazione Di Paesaggio Multifunzionale. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment 6(1), 95-111
Pelorosso R., Leone. A., Boccia L. (2009). Land cover and land use change in the Italian central Apennines: A comparison of assessment methods. Applied Geography, 29, 35-48. ISSN: 0143-6228.
Pelorosso R., Gobattoni F., Leone A. (2016a). Green Courtyards as Urban Cool Islands: towards Nature-based climate adaptation plans of compact cities. City Safety Energy Journal, 1, 27-36.
Pelorosso, R., Gobattoni, F., Leone A., Lopez, N. (2016b). Verde Urbano e regolamentazione delle acque meteoriche: l’approccio modellistico come base per nuovi standard urbanistici. Sentieri Urbani 19, 71-77. ISSN 2036¬3109.
Petit-Boix, a et al. 2015. Environmental and Economic Assessment of a Pilot Stormwater Infiltration System for Flood Prevention in Brazil. Ecological Engineering 84, 194-20.
Recanatesi F, A Petroselli, Ripa M N; Leone A (2017), Assessment of stormwater runoff management practices and BMPs under soil sealing: a study case in a peri-urban watershed of the metropolitan area of Rome (Italy). Journal of Environmental Management, doi 10.1016/jjenvman.2017.06.024.
Ripa M.N., Leone A., Gamier M., Lo Porto A. (2006). Agricultural Land Use and Best Management Practices to Control Nonpoint Water Pollution. Environmental Management, 38(2), 253-266.
Salzano E. (2017), intervista di Andrea Pantaleo, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JgC3ysDUok&app=desktop. Accessed April 2017.
Sholz M. and Kazemi Yadzi S. (2009). Treatment of Road Runoff by a Combined Storm Water Treatment, Detention and Infiltration System. Water Air Soil Pollution, 198, 55-64.
Turpin N., Bontems P., Rotillon G., Barlund I., Kaljonen M., Tattari S., Feichtinger F., Strauss P., Haverkamp R., Garnier M., Lo Porto A., Benigni G., Leone A., Ripa M.N., Eklo O.M., Romstad E., Bordenave P., Bioteau T., Birgand F., Laplana R., Piet L., Lescot J.M. (2005). AgriBMPWater: systems approach to environmentally acceptable farming. Environmental Modelling and Software, 20, 187-196.
Villarreal, E.L., Semadeni-Davies, A., Bengtsson, L., 2004. Inner city stormwater control using a combination of best management practices. Ecological Engineering 22 (4), 279-298.
Wong, T. H. F. and R. R. Brown. 2009. The Water Sensitive City: Principles for Practice. Water Science and Technology 60, 673-82.
Zhou, O. (2014). A Review of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Considering the Climate Change and Urbanization lmpacts. Water, 6(4), 976-992.